Clinical Manifestations, Imaging Features, and Pathogenic/Prognostic Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD): A Case-Control Study Based on Psychogenic Factors of Patients

Abstract

Objective. To survey the clinical manifestations and imaging features of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and analyze the risk factors for pathogenesis/prognosis through a case-control study based on psychogenic factors of patients. Methods. According to the inclusion criteria, 200 adult patients were randomly enrolled from the maxillofacial department of our hospital from January 2020 to May 2021, including 100 patients with TMD as the study group and 100 healthy patients as the control group. The study group can be assigned into four subgroups according to their clinical manifestations: (1) articular area or/and masticatory muscle pain group, (2) mandibular movement abnormality group, (3) joint murmur group, and (4) two or more symptom groups. Based on the study of psychogenic factors of patients, the clinical manifestations and imaging features of TMD were determined, and the risk factors for pathogenesis/prognosis were analyzed. Results. The distribution of psychological status in the TMD group was higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The distribution of anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms in the TMD group was significantly different from that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms were the risk factors for TMD. Compared with the control group, the incidence of abnormal MRI images in patients with temporomandibular disorders was significantly different ( P < 0.05 ). There were significant differences in psychological status (anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms) among the three groups ( P < 0.05 ). Anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms were the risk factors for abnormal mandibular movement and joint tremor and murmur ( P < 0.05 ). Somatic symptoms were the risk factors for various clinical symptoms of TMD ( P < 0.05 ). Depression was the risk factor for pain ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. In patients with TMD, MRI can early identify disc abnormalities and other related imaging features, which is helpful for more comprehensive clinical evaluation and treatment of TMD patients. There exhibits no significant difference in psychological status (anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms) of patients with different clinical symptoms, and abnormal psychological status may be one of the risk factors leading to different clinical symptoms and development of different types of TMD patients.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Myogenous Temporomandibular Disorders: A Clinical Update

“…When further imaging is desired, CBCT and MRI are the diagnostic imaging techniques most commonly used in the field of dentistry to aid the diagnosis of TMD [ 29 ]. While CBCT is optimal for viewing skeletal and dental tissues which are especially useful in identifying degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis [ 30 ], MRI is considered to be the gold standard when assessing the articular disc in terms of location and morphology [ 29 , 31 ] as MRI can provide early detection of disc abnormalities and the presence of joint effusion [ 32 ]. All disc-related TMD problems can be confirmed by MRI when indicated [ 31 ].…”

Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Painful Temporomandibular Disorders: A Literature Review Supplemented by Own Clinical Experience

“…Psychological methods include the following: modifying ways of thinking about pain (misconceptions about pain) that cause prolonged suffering and disability replacing a sense of helplessness with a sense of control over pain and one's own life developing strategies for adequate and effective pain management returning to work and promoting an active lifestyle [ 126 , 127 ] …”

“…(i) modifying ways of thinking about pain (misconceptions about pain) that cause prolonged suffering and disability (ii) replacing a sense of helplessness with a sense of control over pain and one's own life (iii) developing strategies for adequate and efective pain management (iv) returning to work and promoting an active lifestyle [126,127] It must be remembered that efective pain control requires a multidimensional approach, aiming to reduce the pain but also to improve the patient's quality of life.…”

Retracted: Clinical Manifestations, Imaging Features, and Pathogenic/Prognostic Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD): A Case‐Control Study Based on Psychogenic Factors of Patients

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”