Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Findings, and Long-term Survival Time in 182 Dogs With Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin From Central Europe That Were Administered Glucocorticosteroid Monotherapy

Paušová, Tereza Kosinová; Tomek, Aleš; Srenk, P.; Bělašková, Silvie

doi:10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100539

Cited by 19 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“… 3 , 4 Tentative diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, and lack of an identified infectious agent. 3 , 5 Although MRI is an important diagnostic test, a lesion is detected in 48% to 96% 6 , 7 of cases and results rarely are correlated with the severity of disease. 6 , 7 Identifying and treating MUO is still a challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 , 5 Although MRI is an important diagnostic test, a lesion is detected in 48% to 96% 6 , 7 of cases and results rarely are correlated with the severity of disease. 6 , 7 Identifying and treating MUO is still a challenge. The survival rate of diagnosed and treated dogs is 90% in the first month and only 60% at 1‐year follow‐up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The survival rate of diagnosed and treated dogs is 90% in the first month and only 60% at 1‐year follow‐up. 6 Seizures occur in >20% of MUO dogs and are associated with poorer prognosis. 6 , 8 Nevertheless, no diagnostic test can predict seizures or poor outcome in dogs with MUO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 6 Seizures occur in >20% of MUO dogs and are associated with poorer prognosis. 6 , 8 Nevertheless, no diagnostic test can predict seizures or poor outcome in dogs with MUO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identifying and treating MUO is still a challenge. The survival rate of diagnosed and treated dogs is 90% in the first month and only 60% at 1‐year follow‐up 6 . Seizures occur in >20% of MUO dogs and are associated with poorer prognosis 6,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of blood‐brain barrier dysfunction using advanced imaging methods to predict seizures in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin

Hanael

Baruch

Chai

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background The blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which separates the intravascular and neuropil compartments, characterizes the vascular bed of the brain and is essential for its proper function. Recent advances in imaging techniques have driven the development of methods for quantitative assessment of BBB permeability. Hypothesis/Objectives Permeability of the BBB can be assessed quantitatively in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) and its status is associated with the occurrence of seizures. Animals Forty dogs with MUO and 12 dogs without MUO. Methods Retrospective, prospective cohort study. Both dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and subtraction enhancement analysis (SEA) methods were used to evaluate of BBB permeability in affected (DCE, n = 8; SEA, n = 32) and control dogs (DCE, n = 6; SEA, n = 6). Association between BBB dysfunction (BBBD) score and clinical characteristics was examined. In brain regions where BBBD was identified by DCE or SEA magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, immunofluorescent staining for albumin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule, and phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 were performed to detect albumin extravasation, reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, and transforming growth factor beta signaling, respectively. Results Dogs with BBBD had significantly higher seizure prevalence (72% vs 19%; P = .01) when compared to MUO dogs with no BBBD. The addition of SEA to routine MRI evaluation increased the identification rate of brain pathology in dogs with MUO from 50% to 72%. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Imaging‐based assessment of BBB integrity has the potential to predict risk of seizures in dogs with MUO.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 6 Seizures occur in >20% of MUO dogs and are associated with poorer prognosis. 6 , 8 Nevertheless, no diagnostic test can predict seizures or poor outcome in dogs with MUO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of blood‐brain barrier dysfunction using advanced imaging methods to predict seizures in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin

Hanael

Baruch

Chai

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, histopathology and outcome in a dog with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin and concurrent involvement of the cauda equina and left sciatic nerve

Loncarica,

Mandara,

La Rosa

et al. 2024

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 3‐year‐old, female, neutered toy poodle dog was presented with generalised tremors, neck pain and obtundation. Neurological examination revealed a multifocal localisation (brainstem and cervical spinal cord). Magnetic resonance imaging findings and cerebrospinal fluid tap were consistent with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin. After immunosuppressive treatment, the dog improved, but while tapering experienced two relapses. During the second relapse, clinical presentation revealed multifocal clinical signs affecting the brainstem, the lumbosacral spinal cord and the left sciatic nerve. Magnetic resonance imagings of the brain, lumbosacral spinal cord and the left sciatic nerve, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and histopathology of the left sciatic nerve confirmed a recurrence of a meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin involving the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Immunosuppressive treatment was re‐instituted, with improvement of clinical signs. At 1‐year follow‐up, the dog remains clinically stable with no treatment.

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Teach an old dog new tricks: Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) in Australian shepherd dogs

Kajin

Schuwerk²,

Beineke³

et al. 2023

Vet Record Case Reports

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Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin is mostly considered a disease of young small dogs and terrier breeds, while older dogs presenting with clinical signs of deteriorating encephalopathy are more commonly diagnosed with intracranial neoplasia. In this case series, three Australian shepherd dogs, 7, 10 and 11 years old, were diagnosed with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin; with serial magnetic resonance imaging in two dogs and postmortem examination in one dog. Follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging examination after 4 months showed complete resolution of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in one dog treated with prednisolone. The other dog had a recurrence of clinical signs and multifocal de novo lesions noted in magnetic resonance imaging done at 23 months after diagnosis and tapering of prednisolone. In older dogs, a diagnosis of intracranial neoplasia should not be assumed based on clinical signs of deteriorating encephalopathy alone, and meningoencephalitis of unknown origin should be on the differential list. Older dogs diagnosed with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin can have good outcomes with immunomodulatory therapy.

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Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Findings, and Long-term Survival Time in 182 Dogs With Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin From Central Europe That Were Administered Glucocorticosteroid Monotherapy

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Detection of blood‐brain barrier dysfunction using advanced imaging methods to predict seizures in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin

Detection of blood‐brain barrier dysfunction using advanced imaging methods to predict seizures in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin

Clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, histopathology and outcome in a dog with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin and concurrent involvement of the cauda equina and left sciatic nerve

Teach an old dog new tricks: Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) in Australian shepherd dogs

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