Clinical profile of refractive errors in children in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India

Mittal, Sneha; Maitreya, Amit; Dhasmana, Renu

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20161382

Cited by 11 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similar results were reported in hospital-based study done by Mittal et al in Uttarakhand and Matta et al in New Delhi. 13,14 In population-based studies done by Dulani et al in Jaipur, Pavithra et al in Bangalore and Prema et al in Tamil Nadu females were reported to be more affected, which is contrary to this study. [15][16][17] Mittal et al postulated that the possible cause of this difference may be ignorance towards the needs of female child or may be due to the social stigma associated with spectacle use in females.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…[15][16][17] Mittal et al postulated that the possible cause of this difference may be ignorance towards the needs of female child or may be due to the social stigma associated with spectacle use in females. 13 In this study the average age of presentation was 10.5±6. Uttarkhand,13 where the average age of presentation was found to be 10.90±3.16 years and by Kalikivayi et al in Hyderabad (9.3±3.4 years).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…25 In a study by Mittal et al, the numbers were 60.71% and 39.29%, respectively. 13 In this study, 69 out of 946 children with refractive error (7.3%) children were diagnosed with squint. Mittal et al also found a similar prevalence of strabismus (6.06%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Similar prevalence of amblyopia was found in study done by Mittal et al (7.07%) and Pant et al in Nepal (7.62%). 13,20 This is in contrast to the estimated cumulative incidence of amblyopia, i.e. ; 2% to 4% in children aged up to 7 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Mittal et al also found a similar prevalence of strabismus (6.06%). 13 However, a higher prevalence of 13.3% was found by Kalikivayi et al in Southern India. 18 But the association of strabismus with refractive errors was not found to be significant and this difference may be due to different inclusion criteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Changing trend in prevalence of refractive errors: a hospital-based study

Rajput

Shetty

2020

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Refractive errors are the second most common reason of blindness in India after cataract. It accounts for 33.3% of cases of childhood blindness. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of refractive error and related visual impairment in children visiting a tertiary care eye center in Southern India.Methods: This was hospital-based descriptive study. Children <15 years of age with significant refractive error were included in the study. They were examined for visual acuity measurements, ocular motility evaluation, retinoscopy and autorefraction under cycloplegia, and examination of the anterior segment and fundus. Significant refractive error was defined as myopia ≥-0.75D, hypermetropia >+2D and astigmatism >0.75D. Descriptive statistics with frequency, mean±Standard deviation were computed for better and the worse eye. Statistical tests were applied between the worse and better eye using Chi square test.Results: A total of 946 children were screened. The mean age was 10.5±6.2 years (3-15 years) with 503 (53.2%) males and 443 (46.8%) females. With respect to vision in the worse eye; 54.01% (n=511) had moderately subnormal vision. One hundred and twenty- two children (23.4%) of <10 years, and 351 (67.4%) of ≥10 years group had myopia, with statistically significant difference (p<0.001). The reverse pattern was seen with respect to hypermetropia and astigmatism. Prevalence of amblyopia was found to be 8.6%.Conclusions: Though myopia is more prevalent among general population, prevalence of astigmatism is higher among children attending an eye hospital and uncorrected astigmatism is the most significant amblyogenic factor in refractive amblyopia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Changing trend in prevalence of refractive errors: a hospital-based study

Rajput

Shetty

2020

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Prevalence of spectacle use and amblyopia among young people presenting to a tertiary care institution of Bihar

Sinha¹,

Sinha²,

Nishant³

et al. 2019

Trop J Ophthalmol Otolaryngol

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Introduction: This study intended to estimate the prevalence of spectacle use and distribution of amblyopia in young people presenting to the Ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care institution of Bihar, India. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective study was conducted over a period of 2 months amongst patients aged 10-24 years with refractive errors (in one or both eyes), whose refractive status, use of spectacle sat about the time of checkup and presence or absence of amblyopia were recorded. Results: Of 1482 young people, 335 (22.6%) were already using spectacle sat about the time of checkup. Of these, 276 (82.4%) had myopic errors in one or both eyes, 58 (17.3%) had hypermetropic errors in one or both eyes, and one (0.3%) had mixed astigmatism in both eyes. Of the 1257 (84.8% of all) young people whose both eyes were ametropic and included for consideration, 186 (14.8%) were found to have anisometropia and of these, 78 (about 42%) met the criteria for amblyopia. Overall 106 (about 7.2%, 95% CI 6.0-8.7) young people were found to be amblyopic (odds ratio = 54.7, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Only a small proportion of young people with refractive errors presenting to our tertiary OPD were spectacle-users, indicating inadequacy or lack of utilization of refraction facilities or motivation amongst patients. A strong association of anisometropia with amblyopia was observed. These findings emphasize the need for early detection and correction of refractive errors through community and school-based screening programmes to prevent amblyopia.

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Magnitude of refractive errors in children in tertiary care hospital of western Nepal

Godar¹

2020

JCMC

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Background: Refractive error is one of the most common causes of the visual impairment and second leading cause of treatable blindness. The objective of the study was to determine the magnitude of refractive errors in children. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted on 254 children attending Ophthalmology OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. The children whose visual acuity was worse than 6/6 but improved with pinhole were included in this study. Vision test, retinoscopy and subjective refraction was done in all subjects and cycloplegic refraction was done when needed. Statistical analysis was carried out using Epi-info version 7. Results: The commonest type of refractive error was astigmatism (46.06%) followed by myopia (42.31%). Majority of children had low grade of refractive errors (46.85%). Among the children, “with the rule astigmatism” was maximum (27.56%). Majority of children were in the age between 11 to 15 years (77.95%). The refractive error was seen more in female (63.78%). Among the children of refractive errors, 29.13% had family history, 33.46% had given the history of wearing spectacles and 10.24% children had amblyopia. There was statistically significant association between refractive errors and age groups, history of wearing spectacles, amblyopia and grading of refractive errors. However, there was no statistically significant association of refractive error with gender, residence and family history. Conclusions: Astigmatism was the common type of refractive error followed by myopia. This study emphasizes the importance of detection of refractive error in children.

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Clinical profile of refractive errors in children in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Changing trend in prevalence of refractive errors: a hospital-based study

Changing trend in prevalence of refractive errors: a hospital-based study

Prevalence of spectacle use and amblyopia among young people presenting to a tertiary care institution of Bihar

Magnitude of refractive errors in children in tertiary care hospital of western Nepal

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