Clinically Relevant Genes and Proteins Modulated by Tocotrienols in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines: Systematic Scoping Review

Abstract

The last decade has witnessed tremendous growth in tocotrienols (T3s) research, especially in the field of oncology, owing to potent anticancer property. Among the many types of cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is growing to become a serious global health threat to humans. Chemoprevention strategies in recent days are open to exploring alternative interventions to inhibit or delay carcinogenesis, especially with the use of bioactive natural compounds, such as tocotrienols. This scoping review aims to distil the large bodies of literature from various databases to identify the genes and their encoded modulations by tocotrienols and to explicate important mechanisms via which T3s combat CRC. For this scoping review, research papers published from 2010 to early 2021 related to T3s and human CRC cells were reviewed in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines. The study included research articles published in English, searchable on four literature databases (Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) that reported differential expression of genes and proteins in human CRC cell lines following exposure to T3s. A total of 12 articles that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study were short-listed for data extraction and analysis. The results from the analysis of these 12 articles showed that T3s, especially its γ and δ analogues, modulated the expression of 16 genes and their encoded proteins that are associated with several important CRC pathways (apoptosis, transcriptional dysregulation in cancer, and cancer progression). Further studies and validation work are required to scrutinize the specific role of T3s on these genes and proteins and to propose the use of T3s to develop adjuvant or multi-targeted therapy for CRC.

Diagnostic performances of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni recombinant proteins, peptides and chimeric proteins antibody based tests. Systematic scoping review

“…The methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and further refined by the Joanna Briggs Institute [ 22 , 23 ] was used to develop the protocol and guide data extraction. Our methodology was also based upon previous reviews by our group [ 24 , 25 ] in conjunction with other relevant scoping reviews [ 26 – 28 ]. As a scoping review is a continual process, the methodology was continuously revised as the review progressed.…”

Multi-Functional Development and Utilization of Rapeseed: Comprehensive Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Rapeseed Sprouts

“…Vitamin E is an essential but not self-synthesized vitamin for humans and animals, and it is often obtained from food, with 70% derived from vegetable oil [ 10 ]. Vitamin E performs a variety of physiological functions, including anti-oxidation, cholesterol synthesis inhibition, and tumor cell growth inhibition [ 11 , 12 ]. Additionally, Vitamin E can be used to enhance sperm quality to treat miscarriage [ 11 , 13 , 14 ].…”