“…As already mentioned above, grammatical factors such as the syntactic category (pronominal vs. non-pronominal), case (accusative vs. dative) and the presence or absence of DOM have been discussed (Kayne, 1975;Fontana, 1993;Fernández Soriano, 1999;Anagnostopoulou, 2003;Leonetti, 2007aLeonetti, , 2008Heusinger & Onea, 2008;Zdrojewski 2008;Zdrojewski 2012, 2013;Di Tullio et al, 2019). In addition, semantic and pragmatic factors like specificity (Suñer, 1988;Enç, 1991;Gerlach, 2002), definiteness (Leonetti, 2007a(Leonetti, , 2008, animacy (Suñer, 1988;Colantoni, 2002), or a combination of them (Parodi, 1998) have been suggested to be influential for CD as well as discourse factors like e.g.…”