Clitoral Reconstruction Using a Vaginal Graft After Female Genital Mutilation

Mañero, Iván; Labanca, Trinidad

doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002511

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Chang et al 63 performed on three consecutive women with grade II FGM/C a new clitoral reconstruction technique based on the concept of anchoring the labia majora to the pubic bone to reduce the risk of labial fusion. In 2018, a Spanish study 52 described a novel surgical technique for clitorolabial reconstruction using a vaginal graft. A total of 32 consecutive women were enrolled, no intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered, and at 6 months follow-up a statistically significant improvement of FSFI score, as well as a favorable change in the Female Self-Image Genital Scale, was registered.…”

Section: Reconstructive Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosexual Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation and the Impact of Reconstructive Surgery: A Narrative Review

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the health consequences of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), with a particular focus on the psychosexual implications of this practice and the overall impact of reconstructive plastic surgery.Methods: A MEDLINE search through PubMed was performed to identify the best quality evidence published studies in English language on long-term health consequences of FGM/C.Results: Women with FGM/C are more likely to develop psychological disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, somatization, phobia, and low self-esteem, than those without FGM/C. Most studies showed impaired sexual function in women with FGM/C. In particular, women with FGM/C may be physiologically less capable of becoming sexually stimulated than uncut women. Reconstructive surgery could be beneficial, in terms of both enhanced sexual function and body image. However, prospective studies on the impact of reconstructive surgery are limited, and safety issues should be addressed.Conclusion: Although it is clear that FGM/C can cause devastating immediate and long-term health consequences for girls and women, high-quality data on these issues are limited. Psychosexual complications need to be further analyzed to provide evidence-based guidelines and to improve the health care of women and girls with FGM/C. The best treatment approach involves a multidisciplinary team to deal with the multifaceted FGM/C repercussions.

show abstract

Section: Reconstructive Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosexual Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation and the Impact of Reconstructive Surgery: A Narrative Review

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In clitoral reconstruction, the neo-glans is left to heal by secondary intention. Full thickness skin grafts and mucosal skin grafts are widely used in reconstructive plastic surgery and could be beneficial for faster healing of the neo-glans, reducing infection rates, postoperative pain, and give a more aesthetically pleasing appearance and texture [ 25 •]. Sensitivity measurements, of vibratory and tactile thresholds, of the clitoris of uncut women exist [ 52 ] as well as for transsexual women with reconstructed neo-clitoris [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was a significant increase in the scores of both questionnaires postoperatively. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted [ 25 •].…”

Section: Clitoral Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in the Era of Clitoral Reconstruction: Plastic Surgery

Sigurjónsson

Jordal

2018

Curr Sex Health Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of the ReviewThe aim of this review is to give an overview of the recent evidence on clitoral reconstruction and other relevant reconstructive plastic surgery measures after female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C).Recent FindingsRecent publications present refinements and modifications of the surgical technique of clitoral reconstruction along with reconstruction of the labia majora and clitoral hood. Novel approaches with reposition of the clitoral nerve, anchoring of the labia majora, fat grafting, and full thickness mucosa grafts have been introduced. The current evidence on outcomes of clitoral reconstruction shows potential benefits. However, there is a risk of postoperative complications and a negative outcome. Experts in the field advocate for a multidisciplinary approach including psychosexual counseling and health education with or without subsequent clitoral reconstructive surgery.SummaryThe evolution of reconstructive treatment for women with FGM/C is expanding, however at a slow rate. The scarcity of evidence on clitoral reconstruction halters availability of clinical guidelines and consensus regarding best practice. Clitoral reconstruction should be provided by multidisciplinary referral centers in a research setting with long-term follow-up on outcomes of postoperative morbidity and possible benefits.

show abstract

“…This technique has subsequently been modified (see Table 1) by two gynecologists in Burkina Faso and adopted by surgeons in Belgium [12,13]. Three other surgical techniques have been reported by plastic surgeons: O'Dey (2017) in Germany, Chang and colleagues (2017) in the US, and Mañero and Lablanca (2018) in Spain [14][15][16][17][18]. Data on access to and outcomes of CR in high-prevalence countries are limited to the team in Burkina Faso [12,18], Senegal [19], and two authors in Egypt: Thabet [11] and Seifeldin [20].…”

Section: The Surgical Techniques Of Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clitoral Reconstruction After Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Review of Surgical Techniques and Ethical Debate

Mohamed

Wild

Earp

et al. 2020

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Clitoral reconstruction is a controversial surgical procedure done for women who have undergone medically unnecessary, often ritualistic genital cutting involving the clitoris. Such cutting is known by several terms; we will use Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C). Treatments offered to women affected by complications of FGM/C include defibulation (releasing the scar of infibulation to allow penetrative intercourse, urinary flow, physiological delivery, and menstruation) and clitoral reconstruction to decrease pain, improve sexual response, and create a pre-FGM/C genital appearance. Aim: In this paper, our aim is to summarize the medical literature regarding clitoral reconstruction and stimulate ethical discussion surrounding potential adverse impacts on women who undergo the procedure. Methods: A broad literature review was done to search any previous publications regarding the techniques and ethical considerations for clitoral reconstruction. Results: While we dsiscuss the limited evidence regarding the efficacy of clitoral reconstruction, we did not find any reports discussing ethical implications to date. Conclusion: We present a preliminary ethical analysis of the procedure and its potential impact on women with FGM/C.

show abstract

Clitoral Reconstruction Using a Vaginal Graft After Female Genital Mutilation

Abstract: Clitoral reconstruction after genital mutilation was associated with improved sexual function and genital aesthetic perception.

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Psychosexual Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation and the Impact of Reconstructive Surgery: A Narrative Review

Psychosexual Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation and the Impact of Reconstructive Surgery: A Narrative Review

Addressing Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in the Era of Clitoral Reconstruction: Plastic Surgery

Clitoral Reconstruction After Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Review of Surgical Techniques and Ethical Debate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About