Clitoria ternatea root extract enhances acetylcholine content in rat hippocampus

Zhang

Journal of Biological Chemistry

et al. 2011

176

229

The tropical plant Clitoria ternatea is a member of the Fabaceae family well known for its medicinal values. Heat extraction of C. ternatea revealed that the bioactive fractions contained heat-stable cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs). The CRP family of A1b (Albumin-1 chain b/leginsulins), which is a linear cystine knot CRP, has been shown to present abundantly in the Fabaceae. In contrast, the cyclotide family, which also belongs to the cystine knot CRPs but with a cyclic structure, is commonly found in the Rubiaceae, Violaceae, and Cucurbitaceae families. In this study, we report the discovery of a panel of 15 heat-stable CRPs, of which 12 sequences (cliotide T1-T12) are novel. We show unambiguously that the cliotides are cyclotides and not A1bs, as determined by their sequence homology, disulfide connectivity, and membrane active properties indicated by their antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and cytotoxicities to HeLa cells. We also show that cliotides are prevalent in C. ternatea and are found in every plant tissue examined, including flowers, seeds, and nodules. In addition, we demonstrate that their precursors are chimeras, half from cyclotide and the other half from Albumin-1, with the cyclotide domain displacing the A1b domain in the precursor. Their chimeric structures likely originate from either horizontal gene transfer or convergent evolution in plant nuclear genomes, which are exceedingly rare events. Such atypical genetic arrangement also implies a different mechanism of biosynthetic processing of cyclotides in the Fabaceae and provides new understanding of their evolution in plants.

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on animals have shown that the aqueous extracts of the flowers and leaves display antihyperglycemic effects in rats (2). Decoctions of roots and leaves elicit a wide spectrum of activities on the central nervous system and have been shown to enhance acetylcholine content in rat hippocampus (3)(4)(5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery and Characterization of Novel Cyclotides Originated from Chimeric Precursors Consisting of Albumin-1 Chain a and Cyclotide Domains in the Fabaceae Family

Zhang

Journal of Biological Chemistry

et al. 2011

176

229

“…CT root extract was believed to have permanent changes in the brain which is strongly related to the improvement of learning abilities (Rai et al, 2002). This extract also induced the increasing of dendritic arborization in the brain structure namely hippocampal neurons and amygdala which leads increasing of protein synthesis such as acetylcholinesterase (Rai et al, 2001).…”

Section: Neuropharmacological Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A considerable amount of literature has been published on improving cognitive behavior from CT root extract (Rai et al, 2001;Rai et al, 2002). In an investigation of improving learning and memory, Rai et al (2001) found that administered with 100 mg/kg of aqueous root extract have significantly increased acetylcholine (Ach) content in hippocampus of neonatal rats from 52.79±12.36 to 68.83±9.87 nmol/g tissue while for young adult's rats were from 33.9±6.92 to 52.79±12.36 nmol/g tissue.…”

Section: Neuropharmacological Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential of Telang tree (Clitoria ternatea) in human health

Ezzudin¹,

Rabeta²

2018

Food Res.

Clitoria ternatea (CT) or commonly known as telang tree originates from the Fabaceae family. The flower of this tree has vivid, deep-blue and white colouration and it is usually used as a natural colourant in food preparation especially in the local culinary scene such as for the preparation of nasi kerabu and kuih tekan. Moreover, this plant could act as a food source for the livestock due to the taste and nutritious value it has. Besides that, parts of the plant such as its leaves, flowers, and roots are believed to possess sought-after medicinal values such as analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant also possesses a number of advantages such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihelminthic, hepaprotective and antiasthmatic properties that are beneficial and useful in reducing health disorders. For the purpose of this study, the chemical composition such as proximate analysis of flowers, leaves and also active compound were also included in the review.

“…Clitoria ternatea has been reported for nootropic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant [33], anti-diabetic [34], and antipyretic, antiinflammatory and analgesic activities [35], among others. It enhances the memory [36] and increases acetylcholine content in rats [37] as well as antidepressant activity [38].…”

Section: Clitoria Ternateamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review Study on the Traditional Plants has Potential Antidepressant Property

Rahman¹

2017

MOJCSR

DiscussionThis review includes detailed description of antidepressant activity of 21 medicinal plants whose roots, leaves, fruits extracts were used to evaluate the activity from various research articles.The tests employed for antidepressant activity includes HBT, FST, TST, OFT, EPMT, and MACT using rotarod and THB. These tests are employed with slight modification from original method, keeping basic concept same. HBTExploratory behaviour of rodents such as mice is evaluated using hole board test. The floor of the apparatus has regularly arranged holes. The animal is placed in the arena. Both frequency and duration of spontaneous elicited hole-poking behavior are then measured during a short period of time. This test also provides a simple method for assessing anxious response of a rodent to an unfamiliar environment. The use of the hole-board in this perspective relies on the hypothesis that the behavior of animals exposed to a novel situation results from competition AbstractDepression refers to a state of low mood and aversion to activity characterized by depressed mood, loss of interest, reduced energy and concentration. The reasons for the disease include stimulation of MAO-A, inhibition of NA and 5-HT. Symptoms include the diminished interest of pleasure, feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt, a decrease in appetite and libido, insomnia, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. There are plenty of synthetic drugs used to treat depression but not enough blissful for patients, moreover, these synthetic drugs have potential side effects. After decades of serious obsession with the modern medicinal system, people have started looking at the ancient healing systems like Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. Many scientists are researching plant material for treating this disorder and there are lots of publications on it. But this is not sufficient for treating depression; further outcome should come into light that's the purpose of our review.