Cloacal exstrophy: A comprehensive review of an uncommon problem

Woo, Lynn L.; Thomas, John C.; Brock, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.09.011

Cited by 59 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…among these cases [2]. Complete separation or absence of the phallic or clitoral halves may be seen [2]. In prenatal ultrasound, the genitalia are difficult to identify and may appear as two little nodules, widely separated, between the bilateral fetal thighs, as in our case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…An Z anterior displacement of anus filled with meconium, which was noted below the exstrophy of bladder; Bl Z bifid exstrophy of bladder; hV Z wild and split hemi-vulva at the inner side of bilateral thighs; UC Z umbilical cord, which is low insertion but without omphalocele. among these cases [2]. Complete separation or absence of the phallic or clitoral halves may be seen [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It is characterized by an infraumbilical abdominal wall defect, incomplete closure of the bladder with mucosa continuous with the abdominal wall, epispadias, and alterations in the pelvic bones and muscles [1]. Besides, the affected infants may also be associated with other anatomic anomalies, including gastrointestinal, genitourinary, central nervous system, and skeletal problems [2]. The incidence of cloaca exstrophy is between 1/200,000 and 1/400,000 live births [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the affected infants may also be associated with other anatomic anomalies, including gastrointestinal, genitourinary, central nervous system, and skeletal problems [2]. The incidence of cloaca exstrophy is between 1/200,000 and 1/400,000 live births [2]. The survival rate can reach to 100% with present advances in neonatal care and surgical technique [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of cloaca exstrophy is between 1/200,000 and 1/400,000 live births [2]. The survival rate can reach to 100% with present advances in neonatal care and surgical technique [2]. Thus, early prenatal diagnosis and transfer to a tertiary medical center for further neonatal care are very important for these newborns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal Diagnosis of Cloacal Exstrophy: A Case Report and Differential Diagnosis with a Simple Omphalocele

Chou

Tseng

Lai

2015

Journal of Medical Ultrasound

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KEY WORDSanterior abdominal wall defect, cloacal exstrophy, omphalocele Cloacal exstrophy is a rare congenital disorder that may lead to mortality and morbidity. Although the prenatal diagnosis of cloacal exstrophy can be made by a midtrimester ultrasound, it is difficult to differentiate it from a simple omphalocele that can be corrected completely by surgery without morbidity. We reported a case with cloacal exstrophy and reviewed previous literature on differentiating it from an omphalocele. A 33-year-old, pregnant female visited our outpatient center for prenatal care at the 22 nd gestational week. The midtrimester ultrasound showed fetal anomalies including a protruding mass from umbilicus, absence of bladder, ambiguous genitalia, and bilateral renal hydronephrosis. The parents received prenatal genetic counseling and decided to continue the pregnancy. A female baby was delivered at the 37 th gestational week via vaginal delivery, and cloacal exstrophy without omphalocele was diagnosed. Cloacal exstrophy is a complicated congenital disorder that should be differentiated from a simple omphalocele. Prenatal counseling and postnatal care in a tertiary medical center are important for parents and the fetus, respectively. ª

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Prenatal Diagnosis of Cloacal Exstrophy: A Case Report and Differential Diagnosis with a Simple Omphalocele

Chou

Tseng

Lai

2015

Journal of Medical Ultrasound

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Vulval Embryology and Developmental Abnormalities

Lewis¹

2022

Ridley's the Vulva

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Role of ultrasound scan in prenatal diagnosis of cloacal exstrophy

Dorjey¹

2023

Clinical Case Reports

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Cloacal exstrophy is a rare and complex ventral abdominal wall defect. Prenatal diagnosis is possible with the use of detailed ultrasound scanning. Prenatal diagnosis of an anomalous fetus helps the parents and their families in making informed decisions. This write‐up is to report a case of cloacal exstrophy diagnosed during the prenatal period using an ultrasound scan. The pregnant mother presented at 35 weeks of gestation underwent a detailed ultrasound scanning and note the findings; a large defect on the ventral surface of the anterior abdominal wall extending from the umbilicus to the inferior pelvis, with a large mass protruding through the defect, umbilical cord arising from the proximal part of the mass, with another tubular mass protruding from the inferior aspect of the larger mass giving an appearance of “elephant trunk,” absent urinary bladder, absent anal dimple, and scrotum was seen inferior to the mass but failed to appreciate the phallus. Both kidneys were normal, and there was no spinal defect. In addition, pubic bones were widely separated, and there was splaying of the iliac bone. Based on the ultrasound scan findings, a prenatal diagnosis of cloacal exstrophy was made. The pregnant mother and their families were counseled about the anomalous fetus, and they decided to continue the pregnancy. At birth, the abnormalities present in the baby were consistent with the prenatal ultrasound scan findings. On postnatal day 5, the baby underwent a complete primary surgical repair of the defect which comprised of closure of the abdominal wall defect, repair of bladder defect, pelvic osteotomies, and creation of a colostomy. The abnormalities of cloacal exstrophy detected by the ultrasound scan during the prenatal diagnosis period were consistent with the abnormalities detected at birth. This concludes that an ultrasound scan is a reliable tool to diagnose cloacal exstrophy during the prenatal period.

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Cloacal exstrophy: A comprehensive review of an uncommon problem

Cited by 59 publications

References 74 publications

Prenatal Diagnosis of Cloacal Exstrophy: A Case Report and Differential Diagnosis with a Simple Omphalocele

Prenatal Diagnosis of Cloacal Exstrophy: A Case Report and Differential Diagnosis with a Simple Omphalocele

Vulval Embryology and Developmental Abnormalities

Role of ultrasound scan in prenatal diagnosis of cloacal exstrophy

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