Cloaking the ACE2 receptor with salivary cationic proteins inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry

Yoshizato, Katsutoshi; Taira, Toshio; Sato-Matsubara, Misako; Sekiguchi, Shizuko; Yabunaka, Yoriko; Kira, Yukimi; Ohashi, Tetsu; Daikoku, Atsuko; Ofusa, Ken; Kadono, Chiho; Oikawa, Daisuke; Matsubara, Tsutomu; Nakagama, Yu; Kido, Yasutoshi; Tokunaga, Fuminori; Ikeda, Kazuo; Kaneko, Akira; Kawada, Norifumi

doi:10.1093/jb/mvac054

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We did not find an association between nail biting and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This might be explained by the protective effects of salivary proteins which were recently demonstrated to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to the ACE2 receptor [ 30 ], making the mouth merely an exit rather than an entrance route for viral transmission [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why not to pick your nose: Association between nose picking and SARS-CoV-2 incidence, a cohort study in hospital health care workers

et al. 2023

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Background Hospital health care workers (HCW) are at increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. We investigated whether certain behavioral and physical features, e.g. nose picking and wearing glasses, are associated with infection risk. Aim To assess the association between nose picking and related behavioral or physical features (nail biting, wearing glasses, and having a beard) and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2-infection. Methods In a cohort study among 404 HCW in two university medical centers in the Netherlands, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were prospectively measured during the first phase of the pandemic. For this study HCW received an additional retrospective survey regarding behavioral (e.g. nose picking) and physical features. Results In total 219 HCW completed the survey (response rate 52%), and 34/219 (15.5%) became SARS-CoV-2 seropositive during follow-up from March 2020 till October 2020. The majority of HCW (185/219, 84.5%) reported picking their nose at least incidentally, with frequency varying between monthly, weekly and daily. SARS-CoV-2 incidence was higher in nose picking HCW compared to participants who refrained from nose picking (32/185: 17.3% vs. 2/34: 5.9%, OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.05 to 24.52), adjusted for exposure to COVID-19. No association was observed between nail biting, wearing glasses, or having a beard, and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion Nose picking among HCW is associated with an increased risk of contracting a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We therefore recommend health care facilities to create more awareness, e.g. by educational sessions or implementing recommendations against nose picking in infection prevention guidelines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why not to pick your nose: Association between nose picking and SARS-CoV-2 incidence, a cohort study in hospital health care workers

et al. 2023

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“…TMB was used as a substrate for HRP. This kit has been developed based on the molecular mechanisms of the spike-ACE2 interaction [113][114][115] and its inhibition [116].…”

Section: Elisa (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay)mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of the Molecular Mimicry of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein by Common Short Constituent Sequences (cSCSs) in the Human Proteome: Toward Safer Epitope Design for Vaccine Development

Mizuno,

Nakasone,

Nakamura

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Spike protein sequences in SARS-CoV-2 have been employed for vaccine epitopes, but many short constituent sequences (SCSs) in the spike protein are present in the human proteome, suggesting that some anti-spike antibodies induced by infection or vaccination may be autoantibodies against human proteins. To evaluate this possibility of “molecular mimicry” in silico and in vitro, we exhaustively identified common SCSs (cSCSs) found both in spike and human proteins bioinformatically. The commonality of SCSs between the two systems seemed to be coincidental, and only some cSCSs were likely to be relevant to potential self-epitopes based on three-dimensional information. Among three antibodies raised against cSCS-containing spike peptides, only the antibody against EPLDVL showed high affinity for the spike protein and reacted with an EPLDVL-containing peptide from the human unc-80 homolog protein. Western blot analysis revealed that this antibody also reacted with several human proteins expressed mainly in the small intestine, ovary, and stomach. Taken together, these results showed that most cSCSs are likely incapable of inducing autoantibodies but that at least EPLDVL functions as a self-epitope, suggesting a serious possibility of infection-induced or vaccine-induced autoantibodies in humans. High-risk cSCSs, including EPLDVL, should be excluded from vaccine epitopes to prevent potential autoimmune disorders.

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Unveiling novel anti-viral mechanisms of ε-poly-l-lysine on tobacco mosaic virus-infected Nicotiana tabacum through microRNA and transcriptome sequencing

Liu,

Yu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Cloaking the ACE2 receptor with salivary cationic proteins inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Why not to pick your nose: Association between nose picking and SARS-CoV-2 incidence, a cohort study in hospital health care workers

Why not to pick your nose: Association between nose picking and SARS-CoV-2 incidence, a cohort study in hospital health care workers

In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of the Molecular Mimicry of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein by Common Short Constituent Sequences (cSCSs) in the Human Proteome: Toward Safer Epitope Design for Vaccine Development

Unveiling novel anti-viral mechanisms of ε-poly-l-lysine on tobacco mosaic virus-infected Nicotiana tabacum through microRNA and transcriptome sequencing

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