Cloning and hypothalamic distribution of the chicken thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor cDNA

Vandenborne, Kristien; Roelens, Simon; Darras, Veerle; Kühn, Eduard; Geyten, Serge Van der

doi:10.1677/joe.1.06161

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For the mouse sequence, comparison of the genome-derived mRNA with the cDNA-derived mRNA sequence (13) showed many differences in the 5¢ UTR and several in the coding sequence and 3¢ UTR; an examination of sequences derived from the EST database showed complete agreement between these and the genome-derived sequence. For both chicken and medaka, the coding sequence derived from the genome-derived sequence was identical to that reported previously (15,17). Thus, the sequences derived here from genomic data generally agree well with previously published data and, where discrepancies occur, EST sequences support the genome-derived sequences.…”

Section: Synteny Analysissupporting

confidence: 87%

Molecular Evolution of the Thyrotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Precursor in Vertebrates: Insights From Comparative Genomics

Wallis

2010

J Neuroendocrinology

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Human preprothyrotrophin-releasing hormone (ppTRH) includes six copies of the TRH sequence, the rat and mouse precursors have five, and those of non-mammalian vertebrates have up to eight. In the present study, the evolutionary basis of this variation was investigated using ppTRH gene sequences extracted from available vertebrate genomic databases. A structure based on eight TRH repeats appears to be the norm for non-mammalian vertebrates, but in all mammals except monotremes this number is reduced to a maximum of six. In some species, one (or more) of the TRH repeats has been mutated, probably rendering it functionless and, in a few species, one or two copies of the TRH sequence have been deleted completely. Sequences of regions between the TRH sequences are poorly conserved, despite reports that several active peptides are produced from these regions. The 5' untranslated region of ppTRH is also very variable but, in eutherians, the promoter region immediately upstream of the gene is quite strongly conserved. In particular, those sequences identified as being involved in transcriptional regulation are well conserved in most eutherians, although they are largely absent from other vertebrates. In most species, gene order around the ppTRH locus is conserved, although exceptions include man and chimpanzee, as well as rat and mouse. The comparative genomics approach thus provides a wider view than previously available of the range of ppTRH genes in vertebrates, and of the species specificity displayed by this molecule.

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Section: Synteny Analysissupporting

confidence: 87%

Molecular Evolution of the Thyrotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Precursor in Vertebrates: Insights From Comparative Genomics

Wallis

2010

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…Although TRH is evolutionarily conserved, its precursor sequence and the number of TRH progenitor copies show variation among different vertebrates (Iziga et al, ). Namely, the chicken TRH precursor contains four copies of the TRH progenitor sequence (Vandenborne, Roelens, Darras, Kühn, & Van der Geyten, ), rat and human have five and six copies, respectively (Lechan, Wu, Jackson, Wolf, et al, ; Yamada et al, ), Xenopus has seven copies, and six to eight copies were reported in fish (Aoki et al, ; Aoki, Masuda, Iigo, & Yanagisawa, ; Ohide, Ando, Yanagisawa, & Urano, ). In our in silico translation analysis of the pro‐TRH transcript of C. batrachus , we identified six copies of the TRH progenitor sequence in a prohormone spanning 255 amino acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Namely, the chicken TRH precursor contains four copies of the TRH progenitor sequence (Vandenborne, Roelens, Darras, Kühn, & Van der Geyten, 2005), rat and human have five and six copies, respectively (Lechan, Wu, Jackson, Wolf, et al, 1986;Yamada et al, 1990),…”

Section: The Pro-trh Mrna Of C Batrachus and Its Comparison With Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) in the brain and pituitary of the teleost, Clarias batrachus and its role in regulation of hypophysiotropic dopamine neurons

Singh

Pradhan

Nagalakashmi

et al. 2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) regulates the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis in mammals and also regulates prolactin secretion, directly or indirectly via tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons. Although TRH is abundantly expressed in teleost brain and believed to mediate neuronal communication, empirical evidence is lacking. We analyzed pro‐TRH‐mRNA expression, mapped TRH‐immunoreactive elements in the brain and pituitary, and explored its role in regulation of hypophysiotropic dopamine (DA) neurons in the catfish, Clarias batrachus. Partial pro‐TRH transcript from C. batrachus transcriptome showed six TRH progenitors repeats. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) identified pro‐TRH transcript in a number of different brain regions and immunofluorescence showed TRH‐immunoreactive cells/fibers in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, preoptic area (POA), hypothalamus, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord. In the pituitary, TRH‐immunoreactive fibers were seen in the neurohypophysis, proximal pars distalis, and pars intermedia but not rostral pars distalis. In POA, distinct TRH‐immunoreactive cells/fibers were seen in nucleus preopticus periventricularis anterior (NPPa) that demonstrated a significant increase in TRH‐immunoreactivity when collected during preparatory and prespawning phases, reaching a peak in the spawning phase. Although tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐immunoreactive neurons in NPPa are hypophysiotropic, none of the TRH‐immunoreactive neurons in NPPa accumulated neuronal tracer DiI following implants into the pituitary. However, 87 ± 1.6% NPPa TH‐immunoreactive neurons were surrounded by TRH‐immunoreactive axons that were seen in close proximity to the somata. Superfused POA slices treated with TRH (0.5–2 μM) significantly reduced TH concentration in tissue homogenates and the percent TH‐immunoreactive area in the NPPa. We suggest that TRH in the brain of C. batrachus regulates a range of physiological functions but in particular, serves as a potential regulator of hypophysiotropic DA neurons and reproduction.

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“…S9). Interestingly, it contains only one canonical progenitor sequence (Glu-His-Pro-Gly) (in comparison to about five in mammals and birds, Vandenborne et al 2005 and references therein), but also 21 sequences with the His replaced with a Ser (Glu-Ser-Pro-Gly). The flanking sequence (Lys-Arg) is conserved.…”

Section: Genes Involved In Th Synthesis Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The amphioxus genome enlightens the evolution of the thyroid hormone signaling pathway

et al. 2008

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Thyroid hormones (THs) have pleiotropic effects on vertebrate development, with amphibian metamorphosis as the most spectacular example. However, developmental functions of THs in non-vertebrate chordates are largely hypothetical and even TH endogenous production has been poorly investigated. In order to get better insight into the evolution of the thyroid hormone signaling pathway in chordates, we have taken advantage of the recent release of the amphioxus genome. We found amphioxus homologous sequences to most of the genes encoding proteins involved in thyroid hormone signaling in vertebrates, except the fast-evolving thyroglobulin: sodium iodide symporter, thyroid peroxidase, deiodinases, thyroid hormone receptor, TBG, and CTHBP. As only some genes encoding proteins involved in TH synthesis regulation were retrieved (TRH, TSH receptor, and CRH receptor but not their corresponding receptors and ligands), there may be another mode of upstream regulation of TH synthesis in amphioxus. In accord with the notion that two whole genome duplications took place at the base of the vertebrate tree, one amphioxus gene often corresponded to several vertebrate homologs. However, some amphioxus specific duplications occurred, suggesting that several steps of the TH pathway were independently elaborated in the cephalochordate and vertebrate lineages. The present results therefore indicate that amphioxus is capable of producing THs. As several genes of the TH signaling pathway were also found in the sea urchin genome, we propose that the thyroid hormone signaling pathway is of ancestral origin in chordates, if not in deuterostomes, with specific elaborations in each lineage, including amphioxus.

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Cloning and hypothalamic distribution of the chicken thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor cDNA

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular Evolution of the Thyrotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Precursor in Vertebrates: Insights From Comparative Genomics

Molecular Evolution of the Thyrotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Precursor in Vertebrates: Insights From Comparative Genomics

Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) in the brain and pituitary of the teleost, Clarias batrachus and its role in regulation of hypophysiotropic dopamine neurons

The amphioxus genome enlightens the evolution of the thyroid hormone signaling pathway

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