Cloning, Expression and Inhibitory Effects on Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells of rAj-Tspin from Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

Abstract

In recent years, sea cucumber has become a favorite healthcare food due to its characteristic prevention of cardiovascular diseases, suppression of tumors, as well as enhancement of immunity. In order to screen the anti-tumoral proteins or peptides from sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus), its cDNA library was analyzed, and a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13)-like was found. ADAMTS13-like contains 10 thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) domains. Based on analysis of bioinformatics, the third TSP1 domain of this protein, which is further named Aj-Tspin, contains an arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif. Since our previous studies showed that the recombinant RGD-containing peptide from lampreys showed anti-tumoral activity, the third TSP1 domain of ADAMTS13-like was chosen to evaluate it’s effect on tumor proliferation and metastasis, despite the fact it shares almost no homologue with disintegrins from other species. After artificial synthesis, its cDNA sequence, Aj-Tspin, which is composed of 56 amino acids, was subcloned into a pET23b vector and expressed as a recombinant Aj-Tspin (rAj-Tspin) in a soluble form with a molecular weight of 6.976 kDa. Through affinity chromatography, rAj-Tspin was purified as a single protein. Both anti-proliferation and immunofluorescence assays showed that rAj-Tspin suppressed the proliferation of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells through apoptosis. Adhesion assay also displayed that rAj-Tspin inhibited the adhesion of LLC cells to ECM proteins, including fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin and collagen. Lastly, rAj-Tspin also suppressed the migration and invasion of LLC cells across the filter in transwells. Thus, the above indicates that rAj-Tspin might act as a potential anti-tumoral drug in the future and could also provide information on the nutritional value of sea cucumber.

Chemical substances and their activities in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: A review

“…Recombinant A. japonicus protein rAj‐Tspin inhibits the adhesion of Lewis lung carcinoma cells to extracellular matrix proteins. [ 145 ] The cytotoxic activity tests of 6 saponins to MDA‐MB‐231 and HepG2 tumor cells were determined, and the order of activity strength is Holotoxin A1 > Holotoxin E > Cladoloside B > Holotoxin E1 > Holotoxin B1. The novel discovered Holotoxin E2 may not have cytotoxic effects on tumor cells due to the absence of quinose in the structure.…”