Closing the content-user gap in MPEG-7: the hanging basket model

Abstract

MPEG-7 is the leading standard for multimedia metadata creation, providing a vast array of description tools. Nevertheless, there exists a disparity between the content models and user models that may be created by the standard: metadata for content models is wide ranging and structured, but metadata for user models only support the specification of an extremely limited range of preferences where content metadata cannot be fully exploited. This results in a very incomplete mapping of user models to content models which we term the MPEG-7 content-user gap. We present a hanging basket model that closes the content-user gap by considering user models to be isomorphic to content models and thus enabling both models to be represented through MPEG-7 content description tools, specifically those concerned with events, objects and properties.

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“…There is a difference between the limited range of content-relevant preferences that may be expressed using the MPEG-7 user interaction tools and the much wider range of metadata that may be represented using the MPEG-7 content tools. This is known as the content-user gap [1,2]. As a result of this gap in MPEG-7, linking player preferences to game semantics cannot be fully accommodated.…”

“…As a result of this gap in MPEG-7, linking player preferences to game semantics cannot be fully accommodated. Hence, we adopt the hanging basket model proposed by [1,2], which bridges the gap by encompassing both content and user metadata in such a way that they are isomorphic. This is achieved by representing user preferences through existing MPEG-7 content tools as well as MPEG-7 user interaction tools.…”

Achieving Content-User Synergy in MPEG-7

“…Previously [1,2] we have identified the MPEG-7 content-user gap and proposed the hanging basket model as a means for closing the gap. The content-user gap is the difference between the limited range of content-relevant preferences that may be expressed using the MPEG-7 user interaction tools and the much wider range of metadata that may be represented using the MPEG-7 content description tools.…”

“…The hanging basket model [1,2] specifies isomorphic user and content models, where both are represented by means of existing MPEG-7 content description tools so that all content preferences may be specified and the gap may be closed. A corollary of the content-user gap is that the MPEG-7 user interaction tools provide a wealth of user preference and history metadata which can usefully complement specific content preferences, even though the standard does not allow it to be tied directly with content.…”