Clostridial diseases in farm animals: 1. Enterotoxaemias and other alimentary tract infections

Otter, A.; Uzal, Francisco A.

doi:10.1136/inp.m1462

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In a first step, the possibility that carotenoid pigments were staining the carcass was discarded. Subsequently, microbiological, molecular and serological analyses were performed in order to diagnose the disorder among the diseases causing jaundice in sheep such as yellow lamb disease caused by Clostridium perfringens Type A [ 15 ], piroplasmosis by Babesia sp. and Theileria sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaplasmosis Outbreak in Lambs: First Report Causing Carcass Condemnation

Lacasta

Ferrer

Sanz

et al. 2020

Animals

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In spring and summer 2020, six outbreaks of condemnation of jaundiced lamb carcasses were diagnosed in different farms in Aragón region, Spain. Anaplasma ovis was identified in all affected farms. Four hundred and ninety-two lambs from two affected farms were more closely examined. Clinical examination, haematologies, biochemistries, histopathology and microbiological and molecular analyses were performed. After slaughter, 34.84% of the lambs showed jaundiced carcasses and 79.64% presented splenomegaly at the abattoir. All tested lambs with icteric carcasses showed positive A. ovis PCR, although 72.72% of the unaffected lambs also tested positive. However, the bacterial load was significantly higher in the animals that showed jaundiced carcasses (Cq: 25.00 vs 26.16; p = 0.004). Moreover, all the tested lambs that showed severe anaemia were PCR positive. On the contrary, the PCR negative lambs did not show anaemia. Lambs that presented icteric carcasses displayed severe regenerative anaemia with significantly lower erythrocyte count (7.18 vs. 11.97), haematocrit (26.89 vs. 34.82) and haemoglobin (8.50 vs. 11.10) than unaffected lambs. Reticulocyte count (18.80 vs. 5.65) was also significantly increased in affected animals. This article describes a new disorder caused by Anaplasma ovis that is producing significant economic losses associated with the carcass condemnation of apparently healthy lamb.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaplasmosis Outbreak in Lambs: First Report Causing Carcass Condemnation

Lacasta

Ferrer

Sanz

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Clostridium species are ubiquitous and populate the enteric flora of animals. They can be the cause of alimentary tract infections or be responsible for infections of tissues other than gastrointestinal [ 123 , 124 ]. Enterotoxemia type C, Enterotoxemia type D, and tetanus are common clostridial diseases affecting farm animals, and, in the Italian region, three plants ( Angelica archangelica L. [ 41 ], Satureja montana [ 43 ], Echinophora spinosa [ 42 ] showed an inhibiting capability against C. perfrigens and C. difficile .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants with Antimicrobial Activity Growing in Italy: A Pathogen-Driven Systematic Review for Green Veterinary Pharmacology Applications

et al. 2022

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Drug resistance threatening humans may be linked with antimicrobial and anthelmintic resistance in other species, especially among farm animals and, more in general, in the entire environment. From this perspective, Green Veterinary Pharmacology was proven successful for the control of parasites in small ruminants and for the control of other pests such as varroa in bee farming. As in anthelmintic resistance, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the major challenges against the successful treatment of infectious diseases, and antimicrobials use in agriculture contributes to the spread of more AMR bacterial phenotypes, genes, and proteins. With this systematic review, we list Italian plants with documented antimicrobial activity against possible pathogenic microbes. Methods: The literature search included all the manuscripts published since 1990 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using the keywords (i) “antimicrobial, plants, Italy”; (ii) “antibacterial, plant, Italy”; (iii) “essential oil, antibacterial, Italy”; (iv) “essential oil, antimicrobial, Italy”; (v) “methanol extract, antibacterial, Italy”; (vi) “methanol extract, antimicrobial, Italy”. Results: In total, 105 manuscripts that documented the inhibitory effect of plants growing in Italy against bacteria were included. One hundred thirty-five plants were recorded as effective against Gram+ bacteria, and 88 against Gram−. This will provide a ready-to-use comprehensive tool to be further tested against the indicated list of pathogens and will suggest new alternative strategies against bacterial pathogens to be employed in Green Veterinary Pharmacology applications.

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“…Histotoxic diseases Several diseases caused by Clostridium species are associated with infection by a histotoxic agent. As previously discussed for Clostridium perfringens (Otter and Uzal 2020), a range of diferent toxins is produced by the causative clostridial species, many of which have been characterised and the cellular efects described.…”

Section: Doi: 101136/inpm1984mentioning

confidence: 96%

Clostridial diseases in farm animals: 2. Histotoxic and neurotoxic diseases

Otter

Uzal

2020

In Practice

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Background: Clostridia are widespread in the environment, and consequently there is the potential to cause diseases in all farm species, affecting animals at pasture and those that are housed. It is essential that clostridial diseases are considered by practitioners with farm animal clients and prevention strategies included in livestock health plans.Aim of the article: This article, the second in a two-part series on clostridial diseases in farm animals, discusses the range of histotoxic and neurotoxic clostridial diseases that is recognised in farm animals. The first part, which was published in the May issue of In Practice, reviewed clostridial enterotoxaemias caused by Clostridium perfringens, and other alimentary tract infections.

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Clostridial diseases in farm animals: 1. Enterotoxaemias and other alimentary tract infections

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Anaplasmosis Outbreak in Lambs: First Report Causing Carcass Condemnation

Anaplasmosis Outbreak in Lambs: First Report Causing Carcass Condemnation

Plants with Antimicrobial Activity Growing in Italy: A Pathogen-Driven Systematic Review for Green Veterinary Pharmacology Applications

Clostridial diseases in farm animals: 2. Histotoxic and neurotoxic diseases

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