Clostridium Difficile in the Urogenital Tract of Males and Females

Hafiz, S; Morton, R S; McEntegart, M. G.; Waitkins, Sheena A.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)91489-0

Cited by 83 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In this investigation, the vaginal isolation rate of 11% from patients attending the DGM clinic is far lower than the isolation rate of 72% reported by Hafiz et al (1975) in their "Special Clinic" patients. The possibility of cross-contamination in the latter group has not been ruled out.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…Neither the significance of this high isolation rate in neonates nor the source of the organism has yet been determined. Hafiz et al (1975) reported a vaginal carriage rate of 72% in women attending the Sheffield Special Clinic and 18% in women attending a Family Planning Centre. These findings suggest the possibility that neonates may acquire C. dzficile 'from the mother during birth rather than from the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaginal carriage and neonatal acquisition of Clostridium difficile

Tabaqchali

O'Farrell

Nash

et al. 1984

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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SUMMARY. The relationship between vaginal carriage and subsequent neonatal acquisition of Clostridium dzficile was investigated. Vaginal carriage of C. dzficile was detected in 11% of women attending the Department of Genital Medicine Clinic. C. dzficile was isolated from the vagina in 18% of 50 mothers before delivery, and 8% after delivery; 62% of their babies had positive faecal cultures. Eight of nine of the babies whose mothers had positive cultures before delivery became colonised with C. dzficile, while 23 of 41 babies whose mothers had negative cultures became colonised. This suggests that both the vagina and the environment may act as sources of neonatal acquisition of C. dzficile. Broth enrichment culture proved a more sensitive method for isolating C. dzficile from the vagina than direct plate culture and should be used in such investigations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal carriage and neonatal acquisition of Clostridium difficile

Tabaqchali

O'Farrell

Nash

et al. 1984

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Clostridiurn perfringens has been found more often than other clostridia, as was the case in this study. Although Hafiz and co-workers isolated C. dzjicile from 18% of women attending a family planning clinic and from 72% of women attending a venereal disease clinic (Hafiz et al, 1975;Bramley et al, 198 l), we isolated it only once. However, we subsequently obtained a higher isolation rate (1 1%) using an enrichment medium (O'Farrell et al, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Quantitative Bacteriology of the Vaginal Flora in Genital Disease

Wilks

Thin

Tabaqchali

1984

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…At least one extraintestinal source of C. difficile has been reported by Hafiz et al (116). In their studies, vaginal specimens from 72% of 108 female patients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic were culture positive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Clostridium difficile: clinical disease and diagnosis

1993

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Clostridium difficile is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a spectrum of disease ranging from antibiotic-associated diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis. Although the disease was first described in 1893, the etiologic agent was not isolated and identified until 1978. Since clinical and pathological features of C. difficile-associated disease are not easily distinguished from those of other gastrointestinal diseases, including ulcerative colitis, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and Crohn's disease, diagnostic methods have relied on either isolation and identification of the microorganism or direct detection of bacterial antigens or toxins in stool specimens. The current review focuses on the sensitivity, specificity, and practical use of several diagnostic tests, including methods for culture of the etiologic agent, cellular cytotoxicity assays, latex agglutination tests, enzyme immunoassay systems, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, fluorescent-antibody assays, and polymerase chain reactions.

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Clostridium Difficile in the Urogenital Tract of Males and Females

Cited by 83 publications

References 4 publications

Vaginal carriage and neonatal acquisition of Clostridium difficile

Vaginal carriage and neonatal acquisition of Clostridium difficile

Quantitative Bacteriology of the Vaginal Flora in Genital Disease

Clostridium difficile: clinical disease and diagnosis

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