Clostridium difficile infection: main features and occurrence in domestic species in Brazil

Abstract

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Prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in hamsters using a non-toxigenic strain

“…The use of a larger amount of spores in the challenge is important because a high level of C. difficile spore contamination is expected in the animal facilities (KEESSEN et al, 2011). The effectiveness of the NTCD strain in preventing CDI after being challenged with a large number of spores, as evaluated in the present study, places it as a strong candidate for CDI prevention when animal facilities are more contaminated (SILVA et al, 2013a).…”

“…Clostridium difficile (CDI) infection is a disease that affects several species, including humans, swine and equines, with different clinical presentations (SILVA et al, 2013a). In swine, the disease affects one-to seven-day-old animals and is subclinical, resulting in decreased body development and reduction of the zootechnical indexes of the swine farm (SONGER & ANDERSON, 2006).…”

“…In addition, in equines, CDI affects young and adult animals, with pre-antimicrobial therapy being one of the main predisposing factors for disease development (BÅVERUD et al, 2003). Although scarce, studies show a higher frequency of CDI in veterinary hospitals than in commercial stud farms (SILVA et al, 2013a).…”

“…CDI control is limited to treatment of sick animals and general management measures; thus far, no vaccine to control the disease is commercially available (SILVA et al, 2013a). A possible alternative to CDI prevention would be the use of non-toxigenic strains of C. difficile (NTCD) as competitive exclusion agents, as they do not have the genes responsible for the production of toxins that cause the disease, but retain the Ciência Rural, v.46, n.5, mai, 2016. colonization capacity (SAMBOL et al, 2002).…”

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from animals and humans in Brazil

“…In veterinary medicine, it produces diarrhea and colitis in several species and primarily affects domestic animals (SILVA et al, 2013a). However recently, its effects on wild species have been reported (BOJESEN et al, 2006;SILVA et al, 2013b).…”