Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in cooked beef sold in Côte d'Ivoire and their antimicrobial susceptibility

Kouassi, Kouamé Auguste; Dadié, Adjehi; N’guessan, Kouadio Florent; Djé, Koffi Marcellin; Loukou, Yao Guillaume

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.05.012

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In representative cpepositive strains, the cpe gene was located on the chromosome, rather than on a plasmid; strains with a chromosomal cpe gene are reported to have a much higher heat resistance than strains with a plasmid cpe gene (Sarker et al, 2000). In 395 samples of cooked beef (kidney and flesh) sold in the streets in the Ivory Coast, the prevalence of C. difficile spores (12.4%) was reported greater than that of C. perfringens type A spores (5.1%); the numbers present were not determined (Kouassi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

A Possible Route for Foodborne Transmission ofClostridium difficile?

Lund

Peck²

2015

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

A Possible Route for Foodborne Transmission ofClostridium difficile?

Lund

Peck²

2015

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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“…https://doi.org/10.1101/19012450 doi: medRxiv preprint . Contextualization of food items tested in America, 6,18,19,34,35, , Europe, 23, Asia, [89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103] Africa, [104][105][106][107][108][109] and Oceania, 20,110,111 . For a historic narrative see is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 1,939 studies identified, 79 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis, involving >231 authors and 25 countries over the past 37 years. The list of studies in chronological order from the Americas 6,18,19,34,35, , Europe 23, , Asia 89-103 , Africa [104][105][106][107][108][109] , and Oceania (Australia/New Zealand) 20,110,111 is presented in Table 1. Eleven (13.9%) of all studies reported the absence of CD in the food samples tested (CD-negative).…”

Section: Global Distribution Of Studies Reporting C Difficile In Foomentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and Historical Distribution ofClostridioides difficilein the Human Diet (1981-2019): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 21886 Samples Reveal Sources of Heterogeneity, High-Risk Foods, and Unexpected Higher Prevalence Towards the Tropic

Rodriguez-Palacios

Shah

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Clostridioides difficile (CD) is a spore-forming bacterium that causes life-threatening intestinal infections in humans. Although formerly regarded as exclusively nosocomial, there is increasing genomic evidence that person-to-person transmission accounts for only <25% of cases, supporting the culture-based hypothesis that foods may be routine sources of CD-spore ingestion in humans. To synthesize the evidence on the risk of CD exposure via foods, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the culture prevalence of CD in foods between January 1981 and November 2019. Meta-analyses, risk-ratio estimates, and meta-regression were used to estimate weighed-prevalence across studies and food types to identify laboratory and geographical sources of heterogeneity. In total, 21,886 food samples were tested for CD between 1981 and 2019 (232 food-sample-sets; 79 studies; 25 countries). Culture methodology, sample size and type, region, and latitude were significant sources of heterogeneity (p<0.05). Although non-strictly-anaerobic methods were reported in some studies, and we confirmed experimentally that improper anaerobiosis of media/sample-handling affects CD recovery in agar (Fisher, p<0.01), most studies (>72%) employed the same (one-of-six) culture strategy. Because the prevalence was also meta-analytically similar across six culture strategies reported, all studies were integrated using three meta-analytical methods. At the study level (n=79), the four-decade global cumulative-prevalence of CD in the human diet was 4.1% (95%CI=-3.71, 11.91). At the food-set level (n=232), the weighted prevalence ranged between 4.5% (95%CI=3-6%; all studies) and 8% (95%CI=7-8%; only CD-positive-studies). Risk-ratio ranking and meta-regression showed that milk was the least likely source of CD, while seafood, leafy green vegetables, pork, and poultry carried higher risks (p<0.05). Across regions, the risk of CD in foods for foodborne exposure reproducibly decreased with Earth latitude (p<0.001). In conclusion, CD in the human diet is a global nonrandom-source of foodborne exposure that occurs independently of laboratory culture methods, across regions, and at variable level depending on food type and latitude. The latitudinal trend (high CD-food-prevalence towards tropic) is inverse to the epidemiological observations of CD-infections (frequent in temperate regions). Findings suggests the plausible hypothesis that ecologically-richer microbiomes in the tropic might protect against intestinal CD colonization/infections despite CD ingestion.

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“…Kauassi et al (14) in their study examined some antibiotics sensitivity on positive isolates identified from cooked meat, as results of their study: 100% susceptibility against metronidazole, vancomycin and 12.25% resistance against clindamycin was determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Clostridium difficile and toxin genes in samples of modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) minced and cubed beef meat

Fatma¹,

Gücükoğlu²

2017

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary:In this study it is intended to find out the prevalence of Clostridium difficile in modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) minced (n:50) and cubed beef meat samples (n :50); determine the toxin from the isolates and detect the antibiotic susceptibility against metronidazole, vancomycin and clindamycin. C. difficile isolates have been isolated from two (4%) of 50 minced beef meat samples; one (2%) of 50 cubed beef meat samples. All three isolates were confirmed by PCR as C. difficile by the detection of tpi gene. Three out of 5 C. difficile isolates showed toxigenic character, two of them were carried type B (tcdB) toxin genes, one of them harbored type A (tcdA) toxin gene. When antibiotic resistance profile was phenotypically analyzed, only C. difficile type A (tcdA) was found resistant against clindamycin. All isolates were found sensitive to vancomycin and metronidazole. The result of this study demonstrated that C. difficile strains detected in samples of modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) beef meat could be a potential problem to public health.Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Clostridium difficile, MAP minced-cubed beef meat, mPCR. Modifiye atmosfer paketli (MAP) sığır kıyma ve kuşbaşı et örneklerinde Clostridium difficile ve toksin genlerinin belirlenmesiÖzet: Bu çalışmada konvansiyonel yöntem ve multipleks PCR (mPCR) tekniği ile modifiye atmosfer paketli (MAP) sığır kıyma (n:50) ve kuşbaşı (n:50) örneklerinde Clostridium difficile prevalansı, izolatlardaki toksin gen tipinin belirlenmesi ve metronidazol, vankomisin ve klindamisin antibiyotiklerine karşı duyarlılıklarının tespiti amaçlanmıştır. 50 sığır kıyma örneğinin ikisinde (% 4), 50 sığır kuşbaşı örneğinin birinde (% 2), C. difficile saptanmıştır. Multipleks PCR ile yapılan analizlerde, konvansiyonel yöntemle belirlenen toplam beş izolat ile tpi geninin tespiti ile C. difficile olarak doğrulanmıştır. C. difficile izolatlarının toksin gen varlığı değerlendirildiğinde beş izolatın üçü toksijenik karakterde olup ikisinde C. difficile tip B (tdcB), birinde ise C. difficile tip A (tdcA) toksin geni tespit edilmiştir. Fenotipik antibiyotik direnç profili analizinde klindamisine karşı yalnızca C. difficile tip A (tdcA) toksin genini içeren izolat dirençli bulunurken, tüm izolatlar vankomisine ve metronidazole karşı duyarlı bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda modifiye atmosfer paketli (MAP) et örneklerinde tespit edilen C. difficile'nin halk sağlığı için potansiyel bir tehlike olabileceği ortaya konmuştur. Anahtar sözcükler: Antibiyotik dirençlilik, Clostridium difficile, MAP sığır kıyma ve kuşbaşı, mPCR.

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Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in cooked beef sold in Côte d'Ivoire and their antimicrobial susceptibility

Cited by 45 publications

References 32 publications

A Possible Route for Foodborne Transmission ofClostridium difficile?

A Possible Route for Foodborne Transmission ofClostridium difficile?

Global and Historical Distribution ofClostridioides difficilein the Human Diet (1981-2019): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 21886 Samples Reveal Sources of Heterogeneity, High-Risk Foods, and Unexpected Higher Prevalence Towards the Tropic

Detection of Clostridium difficile and toxin genes in samples of modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) minced and cubed beef meat

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