Clusters as ecosystems: current trends and challenges, areas for prospective development of clusters in the agro-industrial complex

Abstract

An integrated approach is applied in the study to define the concept of ecosystems and features of their development in current conditions. Three groups of ecosystems are identified and a number of their types are defined, including industrial, agro-industrial, agrarian, entrepreneurial, social, innovative, national, university, regional, corporate, sectoral and business systems. The understanding of clusters as a transitional form of ecosystems is grounded, the author’s classification of them is proposed. The concept of a cluster is connected, first of all, with the phenomenon of spatial economy, therefore, the essential characteristics of spatial economy are defined in the paper. The systematization of the viewpoints of various scholars is presented along with the author’s approach to the classification of clusters according to different criteria. The problematic field of creation and development of innovative clusters in the field of agriculture is presented. The list of participants of innovative clusters in the agro-industrial complex and the system of relations between them in various functional areas are studied, and also promising trends in terms of digital economy are substantiated.

The Effect of Environmentally Friendly Transportation Implementation and Supporting Policies on Air Pollution Reduction in Central Kalimantan

“…Improving public transportation systems, including buses, trains, and light rail, encourages modal shifts away from private vehicles, reducing traffic congestion and emissions [14]. Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) modes, such as walking and cycling, offer environmentally friendly and health-promoting alternatives to motorized transport [15]. Carpooling and ridesharing initiatives optimize vehicle occupancy rates, reduce traffic congestion, and lower emissions per passenger-kilometer traveled [16].…”