CMOS Photonics for High-Speed Interconnects

Nonlinear optical interactions in silicon waveguides

“…As discussed above, phase matching is achieved by making sure that βp = β i +βs 2 + γ Re P. To get some insight in how this can be achieved, it is instructive to expand the propagation constant as a function of the frequency in a Taylor series in the vicinity of the pump: 2 2 β 2p − ∆ω 3 6 β 3p + − ∆ω 4 24 β 4p .…”

“…Traditionally, the silicon photonics platform has been developed for the telecom wavelength window as applications were geared toward datacom and telecom [3,53]. However, more recently researchers have explored other application directions for the platform.…”

“…Here we show how a silicon-based optical parametric oscillator (OPO) can be constructed. Unlike a more traditional OPO, where a second order nonlinear crystal is used, the nonlinear element here is a χ (3) silicon waveguide. The high gain that can be obtained in such a silicon waveguide is sufficient to overcome the round-trip losses when it is placed in a cavity.…”

“…The possibility of cointegrating fast, low-noise germanium photodetectors [1] and fast modulators [2], all with standard CMOS technology processes, make the platform highly attractive for the integration of active photonic networks. The silicon platform is now seen as the platform for optical interconnect applications in data centers [3].…”

Performance Comparison of Two Types of Silicon Avalanche Photodetectors Based on N-well/P-substrate and P+/N-well Junctions Fabricated With Standard CMOS Technology

“…Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology can be a very powerful solution for optical receivers [1]. It can provide cost-effective and high-volume fabrication as well as single chip integration of the photodetector and electronic circuits, all of which can be of great advantage for realization of high-performance, low-cost optical interconnects.…”