CNS cholinergic innervation to the hippocampus in the rat using pseudorabies virus as a neurotracer

Abstract

The hippocampus is a central area of the memory-related neural system. Combined immunohistochemistry against choline acetyl transferase and retrograde transneuronal labelling of the pseudorabies virus were used to identify cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system projecting to the hippocampal formation of the rat. Five to ten microL of Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus were injected into the dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus of 20 Sprague Dawley rats using stereotaxic instrument. Forty eight to 96 hr after the injection, the brains were removed and the tissue sections were processed for double immunofluorescence procedure using polyclonal antibodies against pseudorabies virus or choline acetyl transferase. The double labelled neurons were distributed at several different nuclei and the labelling patterns of three different areas of the hippocampus were similar. These data suggests that the cholinergic innervation to the hippocampus were distributed in a transsynaptic manner throughout the whole brain area.

Acorus gramineus inhibits microglia mediated neuroinflammation and prevents neurotoxicity in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease

“…Excessive generation of NO by iNOS is rather harmful to neurons in the inflammationmediated neurodegenerative process (Liu et al, 2002). Increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines production have been shown to be involved in the development of inflammation in CNS through the destruction of blood brain barrier, induction of adhesion molecules and release of chemokines, which facilitates the infiltration of leukocytes into the brain (Sedgwick et al, 2000;Ko et al, 2001). In the present investigation we found that AG extract inhibited the LPS-stimulated NO release and proinflammatory cytokines production in BV-2 cells.…”

“…Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a play important roles in various inflammatory diseases (Sedgwick et al, 2000;Ko et al, 2001). Here, we investigated the effects of AG extract on the release of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV-2 cells.…”