“…A physical understanding of what kind of features affect SFE has been the basis to intuitively screen the alloying elements of alloys and has been widely discussed in literature studies. 26,29,30 Generally, alloying elements will affect the SFE of alloys as a result of two mechanisms, which are the size effect and the electronic effect. 26 Several criteria are proposed to describe SFE in Mg−Si−X systems based on the accumulated energy ionization (E ia ), the Allred−Rochow electronegativity (En), the first ionization energy (E i1 ), the atomic number (A num ), the covalent radius (R cov ), 31 Clementi's effective nuclear charge (Z cle ), the valence electron concentration (VEC), Zunger's pseudopotential radii (R dor ), Brewer's cohesive energy (E c ), 32 the number of unfilled valence orbitals (N val ), the energy per atom of the T = 0 K ground state (E GS ), the ground state atomic volume (V GS ), 33 and the valence (val).…”