Co-occurrence of antibiotic resistance and virulence Genes in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Pakistan

Tasneem, Ufaq; Majid, Mahnoor; Mehmood, Khalid; Redaina,; Rehman, Faisal; Andleeb, Saadia; Jamal, Muhsin

doi:10.4314/ahs.v22i1.57

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Within Pakistan, rising AMR rates are a concern, including both the multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacteria, acknowledged in the recent National Action Plan to reduce AMR [ 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. Self-medication with antibiotics among the general population, as well as among HCWs, is one of the contributing factors to rising AMR rates including within Pakistan [ 56 , 58 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Self-Medication Including Antibiotics among Health Care Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan: Findings and Implications

et al. 2023

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Since the emergence of COVID-19, several different medicines including antimicrobials have been administered to patients to treat COVID-19. This is despite limited evidence of the effectiveness of many of these, fueled by misinformation. These utilization patterns have resulted in concerns for patients’ safety and a rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Healthcare workers (HCWs) were required to serve in high-risk areas throughout the pandemic. Consequently, they may be inclined towards self-medication. However, they have a responsibility to ensure any medicines recommended or prescribed for the management of patients with COVID-19 are evidence-based. However, this is not always the case. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs in six districts of the Punjab to assess their knowledge, attitude and practices of self-medication during the ongoing pandemic. This included HCWs working a range of public sector hospitals in the Punjab Province. A total of 1173 HCWs were included in the final analysis. The majority of HCWs possessed good knowledge regarding self-medication and good attitudes. However, 60% were practicing self-medication amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The most frequent medicines consumed by the HCWs under self-medication were antipyretics (100%), antibiotics (80.4%) and vitamins (59.9%). Azithromycin was the most commonly purchase antibiotic (35.1%). In conclusion, HCWs possess good knowledge of, and attitude regarding, medicines they purchased. However, there are concerns that high rates of purchasing antibiotics, especially “Watch” antibiotics, for self-medication may enhance AMR. This needs addressing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Self-Medication Including Antibiotics among Health Care Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan: Findings and Implications

et al. 2023

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“…We have a major section on infectious diseases and these are dominated by HIV 49 – 55 and other infections such as hepatitis B, tuberculosis, bacterial infections, Covid-19 and others 56 – 69 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Sexual reproductive health, NCDs and infectious diseases

Tumwine¹

2022

Afr H. Sci.

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Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant MRSA ST398 and ST239 in Himachal Pradesh, India

Patil¹,

Dong²,

Shrama³

et al. 2023

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common cause of severe and difficult-to-treat infections in humans and animals. We aimed to identify the predominant lineages of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in Himachal Pradesh, India, to understand the genomic epidemiology along with the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Methods: We isolated 250 S. aureus from two district hospitals in Himachal Pradesh, India. Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were subjected to MLST, SCCmec typing, and resistance as well as virulence determinants were determined by PCR and sequencing. Bio-typing was also performed for source tracking. Results: A 17.6% (44/250) of isolates were classified as MRSA by both the MRSA detection kit and disc diffusion methods. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of MRSA isolates (n = 44) showed high resistance to oxacillin (77.27%), erythromycin (77.27%), tetracycline (75%), cefoxitin (65.9%), and gentamicin (61.36%), while low resistance was observed for teicoplanin (36.36%), vancomycin and levofloxacin (31.81%) and fusidic acid (18.18%). All isolates were sensitive to linezolid, quinupristin-dulfopristin, dalbavancin, and cefazoline. The SCCmec-II was observed in 20.45% of isolates, SCCmec-I in 11.36%, SCCmec-III in 9%, SCCmec-IV in 40.9% and SCCmec-V in 18.18%. The mecA gene was present in all isolates (n = 44) and 50% also had the vanA gene. 35% of isolates had the lukS-PV/lukf-PV toxin gene and 11.36% had the co-existence of mecA, vanA, and lukS-PV/lukf-PV. The major strain was ST398 (39%) followed by ST239 (27%), ST217 (16%), ST121 (11%), and ST338 (7%). The MRSA isolates produced staphylokinase and β-hemolysis but were negative for bovine plasma coagulation tests. In Conclusion:The predominant MRSA clones in Himachal Pradesh, India, were hospital-associated multi-drug resistant-MRSA ST239 with PVL and community-associated MRSA ST398.

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Co-occurrence of antibiotic resistance and virulence Genes in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Pakistan

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Self-Medication Including Antibiotics among Health Care Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan: Findings and Implications

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Self-Medication Including Antibiotics among Health Care Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan: Findings and Implications

Sexual reproductive health, NCDs and infectious diseases

Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant MRSA ST398 and ST239 in Himachal Pradesh, India

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