Co-owned resources: IP and data in smart cities

Abstract

PurposeSmart city projects typically operate in consortia of actors that lead to the co-creation of jointly owned intellectual property (IP) and data. While IP and data are significant for economic development, there are very limited studies on their co-ownership regimes especially on co-ownership of open data and open intellectual property. This study address this gap.Design/methodology/approachThis study is qualitative. In total, 62 in-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out, with predominantly senior members of organisations actively involved in smart city projects. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsThere are three models of co-ownership of IP and data: contractual joint ownership, undetermined or not-yet-determined ownership and open ownership. Each ownership model impacts differently the value-in-use. The relationships between actors in the consortia affect the way in which they co-create IP and data.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates how projects that operate in new models of innovation-led consortia produce new types of resources that are not simply co-created but co-owned. Co-owned resources have different value-in-use for each one of the different actors, independently of the fact that they jointly own them. This is influenced by the type of ownership model and predisposition of the actors to initially share resources and be flexible. Co-owned resources may generate future value propositions, act as interconnected operant resources and lead to the creation of new business models.

A contemplative overview of smart communities: a hybrid analytical approach

“…This cluster talks about the type of SCs that deal with technologies and their implementation for people policies (Xu and Tang, 2020), practices (Bartelt et al. , 2020), resources (Feng and Liao, 2020; Toli et al. , 2022) and infrastructure that interacts to support city activities.…”

“…Such initiatives include smart grid systems, water conservation programs and waste management systems that use real-time data and analytics to improve efficiency and reduce waste. This cluster talks about the type of SCs that deal with technologies and their implementation for people policies (Xu and Tang, 2020), practices (Bartelt et al, 2020), resources (Feng and Liao, 2020;Toli et al, 2022) and infrastructure that interacts to support city activities. There is a formation of sub-themes present.…”