Co‐Regulating Solvation Structure and Hydrogen Bond Network via Bio‐Inspired Additive for Highly Reversible Zinc Anode

Abstract

The feasibility of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage is hindered by the inherent challenges of Zn anode. Drawing inspiration from cellular mechanisms governing metal ion and nutrient transport, erythritol is introduced, a zincophilic additive, into the ZnSO4 electrolyte. This innovation stabilizes the Zn anode via chelation interactions between polysaccharides and Zn2+. Experimental tests in conjunction with theoretical calculation results verified that the erythritol additive can simultaneously regulate the solvation structure of hydrated Zn2+ and reconstruct the hydrogen bond network within the solution environment. Additionally, erythritol molecules preferentially adsorb onto the Zn anode, forming a dynamic protective layer. These modifications significantly mitigate undesirable side reactions, thus enhancing the Zn2+ transport and deposition behavior. Consequently, there is a notable increase in cumulative capacity, reaching 6000 mA h cm⁻2 at a current density of 5 mA cm−2. Specifically, a high average coulombic efficiency of 99.72% and long cycling stability of >500 cycles are obtained at 2 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2. Furthermore, full batteries comprised of MnO2 cathode and Zn anode in an erythritol‐containing electrolyte deliver superior capacity retention. This work provides a strategy to promote the performance of Zn anodes toward practical applications.