CO-St (COVID 19- study): impact of the management of men versus women in the treatment of Covid 19. A Multi-Centric Observational study

Abstract

Background: from December 2019 and the spreading of syndemics, a lot of medical centers reg-istered data about their patients. In Italy, the most relevant quantity of patients was hospitalized in internal medicine wards. Methods: In this observational, retrospective cross-sectional study, all data of the COVID-19 patients, admitted Latio hospitals, from March 01 to December 31, 2020, were collected and their Epidemiological data, demographics, signs and symptoms on admission, comorbidities, laboratory findings, chest radiography and CT findings, treatment received and mortality rate were analyzed by gender to find any differences of gravity of disease. Clinician details were registered on database (one for every hospital). Cost analysis was performed by length of stay and antiviral drugs use, using point of view of Italian Healthcare System. Results: 2256 patients with mean age of 71.01 ± 28.02 years were included. For men, frequency of hyper-tension, COPD, use of oxygen therapy, Tocilizumab were significantly higher and epidemiolog-ical link was related to rehabilitation ward and community. The gender difference about hospi-talization was one day more for man. No strong significant difference by gender in the death rate was observed. Considering antiviral drugs and hospitalization, a man costs €1000 more than woman. Conclusions: In male patients, hypertension and COPD were observed more frequently and the epidemiological link was related to rehabilitation ward and community. In female sub-jects, the epidemiological link was related to Hospital and we observed significantly higher atypical chest-X ray. Tocilizumab, oxygen therapy and antiviral drugs were prescribed more in male subjects. No differences by gender we report in other treatments and outcomes. Future studies should be analyzed to get a more comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 by gender.

Polypharmacy Management in a Gender Perspective: At the Heart of the Problem: Analysis of Major Cardiac Diseases, SARS-CoV-2 Affection and Gender Distribution in a Cohort of Patients in Internal Medicine Ward

“…On average, male COVID-19 patients stay at least one day more than female patients and, consequently, lead to higher costs. [29] Additionally, it must be pointed out that an increase in LOS also has an impact on the outcome, since the increased length of stay is an independent predictor for complications, morbidity, and negative outcomes in general. Moreover, they are at higher risk of being overloaded with drugs, especially antibiotics, the use of which in Italy has sometimes been subject to misconceptions from both clinicians and patients alike [43].…”

Comparing the age and sex trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality with other respiratory pathogens

“…At later ages, differences might be amplified by slower female immunosenescence—comparable epigenetic changes happen 5–6 years later in females than males [8]. Lifestyle factors may also play a role: co-morbidities associated with inflammaging but also behaviours like smoking (hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) were more common in male patients in an Italian hospital study [15]. Although this may also affect the trajectory of influenza, suggestions of an earlier and more extreme shift of the burden towards males in the case of coronavirus infections (figure 1 d ) is consistent with greater vulnerability linked to immunosenescence.…”

Intra- and Extra-Hospitalization Monitoring of Vital Signs—Two Sides of the Same Coin: Perspectives from LIMS and Greenline-HT Study Operators

“…The practical applications and digital health techniques that have emerged recently are numerous, and continue to represent a concrete opportunity to address the critical issues in health systems, offering a wide range of possibilities: Decreasing the timing of certain clinical therapies and treatments [ 18 ]; Enhancing the coverage in terms of healthcare information, with a particular emphasis on information regarding the methods of prevention of various medical pathologies [ 19 ]; Improving the coverage and quality of health services [ 20 ]; Increasing the level of accuracy in diagnoses and the degree of precision in medical procedures [ 21 ]; Increasing the efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of healthcare tools [ 22 ]; Italian territories present a profound absence of digitalization, and a peculiar dispersion of population and services among small towns and large cities, with several instances of service availability imbalance [ 23 ]. …”