Coal and Coke: Occurrence, Testing and Utilization

Fieldner, A.C.; Selvig, W.A.

doi:10.1520/stp44960s

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…A test of a coal's caking properties called the agglomeration index [40,41] was used in order to test for correlation between DTF agglomeration and caking. This index was selected due to a heating rate more akin to blast furnace injection than a number of alternative procedures that were designed with coke making in mind.…”

Section: Coal Caking Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating char agglomeration in blast furnace coal injection

Sexton

Steer

Marsh

et al. 2018

Fuel Processing Technology

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A B S T R A C TBlast furnace iron manufacturers aim to reduce expensive coke usage through the injection of coal. This paper investigates contrasting agglomeration behaviour with a view towards optimising blast furnace operations and limiting furnace permeability issues.A drop tube furnace (DTF) was used to investigate the performance of two coal particle size specifications that were representative of injection coal sizes: pulverised (100% < 300 μm, 50% < 75 μm), and granulated (100% < 1 mm, 50% < 250 μm). A range of coals was subjected to DTF testing with issues arising from the injection of caking coals. Results show these coals exhibit signs of agglomeration, a potentially problematic effect concerning blast furnace permeability. Considering gasification reactivity upon leaving the blast furnace raceway, it was found that the agglomerated coal chars do not suffer from poor reactivity and are more reactive than the non-agglomerated chars. Pre-treatment through oxidation was found to be an effective means of eliminating agglomeration in the DTF as a result of the reduction in caking properties.

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Section: Coal Caking Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating char agglomeration in blast furnace coal injection

Sexton

Steer

Marsh

et al. 2018

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…Standard methods of calculating and reporting proximate and ultimate analyses of coal by the U.S. Bureau of Mines were described by Fieldner and Selvig (1951). These data may be reported on the basis of four conditions: (a) as received, (b) airdried, (c) moisture-free, (d) moisture-and ash-free.…”

Section: Association Of Uranium With Other Elements or Constituents Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology of uranium in coaly carbonaceous rocks

Vine¹

1962

Professional Paper

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“…Apparent and bulk density determinatons are commonly made by displacement of liquids that do not penetrate all pores (IGT,1978). The Hogarth specific gravity bottle (pycnometer) (Blair, 1906) has been used to determine the "true specific gravity" of coal (Fieldner and Selvig, 1951; U.S.Bureau of Mines (USBM), 1967) and coke (ASTM,198la). This pycnometer method uses distilled water that is mixed with the coal and boiled to wet the hydrophobic coal particles (Ettinger and Zhupakhina, 1960).…”

Section: Methods Used To Determine Density Of Coal Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the true density of pulverized coal samples

Stanton¹

1982

Open-File Report

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Introduction____________________________________ 1 Methods used to determine density of coal samples________1 Gas-comparison pycnometry of coal samples_____________ 4 I.Principle of the gas-comparison pycnometer________ 4 II. Procedure for density determinations ____________4 Apparatus__________; ______________________4 Sample .preparation_________________________ 5 Weighing of the sample. Volume measurement of the sample______________ 5 Calculation of density_______________________6 III. Limits and conditions__________: _____________6 Summary ________________________________________7 References cited _________________________________9 Appendices ______________________________________12 A. Effect of sample particle size _________________12 B. Effect of sample amount _______________________13 C. Effect of drying time on density________________14 D. Daily density calculation of a reference sample____15 ILLUSTRATION page 1. Schematic diagram showing gas-comparison pycnometer ____ 8 ABSTRACT A method using the gas-comparison pycnometer with helium gas as the penetrating medium measures precisely the true volume of a pulverized coal sample. The true density of a solid is calculated as the true unit volume of the solid exclusive of its pore space which is divided into the weight of the sample. The method is similar to that used to determine the density of refractory materials but the procedure is modified to yield precise density determinations of coal samples. These modifications diminish effects of trapped moisture and gases on the volume measurement. The helium gas-comparison pycnometer method is rapid, reliable, precise, and requires minimal analytical equipment and sample preparation, and also is non-destructive to the coal sample. Using this method, densities can be determined on coal samples of subbituminous to low-volatile bituminous rank and perhaps also on samples of lignite. The density of anthracite samples has not been determined by this method.

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Coal and Coke: Occurrence, Testing and Utilization

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Investigating char agglomeration in blast furnace coal injection

Investigating char agglomeration in blast furnace coal injection

Geology of uranium in coaly carbonaceous rocks

Determination of the true density of pulverized coal samples

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