Coastal forest effects on tsunami run-up heights

Tsunami attenuation by coastal vegetation was examined under laboratory conditions for mature mangroves Rhizophora sp. The developed novel tree parameterization concept, accounting for both bio-mechanical and structural tree properties, allowed to substitute the complex tree structure by a simplified tree model of identical hydraulic resistance. The most representative parameterized mangrove model was selected among the tested models with different frontal area and root density, based on hydraulic test results. The selected parameterized tree models were arranged in a forest model of different width and further tested systematically under varying incident tsunami conditions (solitary waves and tsunami bores). The damping performance of the forest models under these two flow regimes was compared in terms of wave height and force envelopes, wave transmission coefficient as well as drag and inertia coefficients. Unlike the previous studies, the results indicate a significant contribution of the foreshore topography to solitary wave energy reduction through wave breaking in comparison to that attributed to the forest itself. A similar rate of tsunami transmission (ca. 20%) was achieved for both flow conditions (solitary waves and tsunami bores) and the widest forest (75 m in prototype) investigated. Drag coefficient CD attributed to the solitary waves tends to be constant (CD = 1.5) over the investigated range of the Reynolds number

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“…Imai and Matsutomi, 2005;Irtem et al, 2009) as well as numerical modelling (e.g. Harada and Imamura, 2005;Ohira et al, 2012).…”

Section: A Strusińska-correia Et Al: Tsunami Damping By Mangrove Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…artificial plastic tree models are used) or based solely on the structural properties of the considered tree species (e.g. Kongko, 2004;Irtem et al, 2009).…”

Section: A Strusińska-correia Et Al: Tsunami Damping By Mangrove Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami damping by mangrove forest: a laboratory study using parameterized trees

Strusińska-Correia¹,

Husrin

Oumeraci

2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…En un periodo de 5 años y tras producirse dos nuevos tsunami en la costa chilena en 2014 y 2015 Catalán et al, 2015;Contreras-López et al, 2016), aún no existen obras de mitigación de tsunami en ninguno de los centros urbanos de la comuna. Esta desatención ignora el nivel protector ofrecido por las dunas (e.g., Mascarenhas & Jayakumar, 2008) ubicadas en las ZAV y la posibilidad de crear bosques de protección de tsunami (e.g., Irtem et al, 2009;Tanaka, 2012). Las obras de mitigación propuestas en esta línea por el PRES no tuvieron protagonismo en la cartera de proyectos, por lo que actualmente no existe en la comuna una estrategia a escala urbana de protección ante tsunamis.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Rehabilitacion de centros urbanos afectados por el tsunami 2010 en la Comuna de Pelluhue, Chile

Igualt¹,

Breuer²,

Winckler³

et al. 2017

lajar

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RESUMEN. La Comuna de Pelluhue fue una de las más afectadas durante el terremoto y tsunami del 27 de febrero de 2010 en Chile central, registrando 47 fallecidos, el mayor número de muertes per-cápita del país. Este estudio se orienta a analizar la resiliencia de los centros urbanos de la comuna, desde sus principales instancias: preparación, resistencia, recuperación y adaptación. Los daños generados por el tsunami se estudian mediante un levantamiento in-situ, complementado con levantamientos efectuados en 2013 y 2015, consulta de percepción de seguridad y un análisis del impacto de los instrumentos de planificación territorial en la rehabilitación de los centros urbanos. De estos estudios se concluye que la comuna experimentó una rápida recuperación de infraestructura entre 2010 y 2012. Las modificaciones incorporadas en la ordenanza del Plan Regulador Comunal a finales de 2012 promovieron el uso de una nueva tipología estructural adaptada al riesgo de tsunami en la Zona Turística de Borde Costero (ZTBC-1). El uso de marcos estructurales de madera y hormigón en el primer piso, se adoptó en respuesta al bajo coeficiente de ocupación de suelo sugerido en la ordenanza del Plan Regulador Comunal para dicha zona, sin necesariamente cumplir con criterios de diseño estructural. En otras zonas ubicadas en el área inundada, no obstante, se reconstruyó sin adoptar criterios de adaptación. Aun cuando se implementó una consulta, que no tiene la representación adecuada de toda la población, el sondeo indica que el plan de emergencia implementado por ONEMI, por su parte, generó una mejor percepción de seguridad en las zonas de riesgo por parte de los residentes, pero los visitantes desconocen las medidas de evacuación vigentes. Palabras clave: rehabilitación urbana, resiliencia, adaptación, levantamiento post-tsunami, zonificación, percepción de seguridad. Coastal settlements rehabilitation affected by the 2010 tsunami in PelluhueCounty, Chile ABSTRACT. The Pelluhue country was one of the most affected during the earthquake and tsunami of February 27, 2010 in central Chile, with 47 deaths, the highest number of per-capita deaths in the country. This study is oriented to analyze the resilience of the urban centers of the commune, from its principal instances: preparation, resistance, recovery and adaptation. The damage generated by the tsunami is studied through an on-site survey, supplemented by surveys conducted in 2013 and 2015, a safety perception consultation and an analysis of the impact of territorial planning instruments in the rehabilitation of urban centers. From these studies it is concluded that the commune experienced a rapid infrastructure recovery between 2010 and 2012. The modifications incorporated in the ordinance of the Community Regulatory Plan at the end of 2012 promoted the use of a new structural typology adapted to the tsunami risk in the Coastal Tourist Zone (ZTBC-1). The use of wood and concrete structural frames on the first floor was adopted in response to the low coefficient of soil occupation su...

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“…Coastal environments in Korea are remarkably prone to deleterious hydrometeorological extremes of windstorms and typhoons. Forestation of coastal land boundaries in natural disaster prone Asian countries is worthwhile because of the compelling evidence that vegetation and trees provide the most natural defenses to protect coastal hinterland from strong winds, storm surge propagation, and windblown sand (Tanaka et al 2007;Irtem et al 2009;Tanaka 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eight-year monitoring of the height growth and survivorship of seedlings ofPinus thunbergiiParl. planted with sand fence and bush hedge protection in a coastal sandy environment in Korea

Ewane

Lee

2016

Forest Science and Technology

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Coastal forest effects on tsunami run-up heights

Cited by 79 publications

References 14 publications

Tsunami damping by mangrove forest: a laboratory study using parameterized trees

Tsunami damping by mangrove forest: a laboratory study using parameterized trees

Rehabilitacion de centros urbanos afectados por el tsunami 2010 en la Comuna de Pelluhue, Chile

Eight-year monitoring of the height growth and survivorship of seedlings ofPinus thunbergiiParl. planted with sand fence and bush hedge protection in a coastal sandy environment in Korea

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