Cobalt and lead concentrations in cosmetic products sold at local markets in Saudi Arabia

Ahmed, Amel Y.; Asada, Ageela; Hamza, Ibrahim Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.09.004

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Similarly, other cosmetic products exceeded the 5 ppm limit, such as an eyeliner (11.80 ppm) 38 . Long-term exposure to cosmetic products that are contaminated with Co may cause skin irritation 13 Ni should not exceed 20 ppm according to the USP. Interestingly, most of the tested cosmetic products in this study exceeded this limit, and the highest value was detected in sample 19 (toothpaste).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study that assessed some toxic heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, and mercury) in six different cosmetics creams collected from a local Bangladesh market found that the Pb and Cd contents were high in all the tested samples 3 . A more recent study aimed to determine the concentrations of Co and Pb in four different types of cosmetic products using 41 brands available in Saudi Arabia's local markets and found that the contents of Co were very high 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality and safety investigation of commonly used topical cosmetic preparations

Almukainzi

Al-Otaibi

Abdulwahab

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Cosmetic and personal care products are considered an essential part of our daily care routine; hence, these products must be stable and safe for human use. This study aimed to assess the quality and safety of the most common cosmetic preparations. To select the products to be tested, a cross-sectional survey was distributed featuring the most used types and brands of products. Based on 447 responses from both males and females with different ages and education levels, 21 products from different brands were selected and tested in terms of microbial load, heavy metal content, and organoleptic properties. Microbial contamination was investigated using the aerobic plate count method. Lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and arsenic (As) impurities were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The products included sunblock, lip balm, hand cream, hair cream, shampoo, cleanser, baby oil, baby powder, bar soap, hair dye, makeup, deodorant, hair serum, shaving gel, and toothpaste. Microbial contamination was found in 14 of the products, ranging between 1467.5 and 299.5 cfu/ml. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus species. Most of the tested products showed metal impurities, with toothpaste having the highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, As, Cu and Ni. The samples did not show lumps or discoloration, did not have characteristic odors, and had pH values ranging from 6.90 to 8.10. The continuous usage of such products could lead to serious negative consequences. As a result, ensuring the quality of cosmetic products is critical. Regulatory authorities are required to enforce strict legislation on cosmetic manufacturing to assess and ensure the quality and safety of the products before they reach consumers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and safety investigation of commonly used topical cosmetic preparations

Almukainzi

Al-Otaibi

Abdulwahab

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…High concentrations of heavy metals in cosmetics may be due to the type and source of raw materials used, processing techniques, storage, and mode of transport. It is recognized that heavy metal impurities from personal care products are unavoidable due to the ubiquitous nature of these elements, but should be removed whenever technically is possible [83][84][85]. Figure 3 shows the pathways of human exposure to heavy metals from phytotherapy and cosmetics.…”

Section: Phytotherapy and Cosmetics-a Path For Human Health Risks Cau...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plant Growth in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils: Responses to Metal Stress and Induced Risks to Human Health

Hlihor

Roșca

Hagiu-Zaleschi

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Accelerating heavy metal pollution is a hot issue due to a continuous growth in consumerism and increased activities in various global industries. Soil contamination with heavy metals has resulted in their incorporation into the human food web via plant components. Accumulation and amplification of heavy metals in human tissues through the consumption of medicinal plants can have hazardous health outcomes. Therefore, in this critical review we aim to bring together published information on this subject, with a special highlight on the knowledge gaps related to heavy metal stress in medicinal plants, their responses, and human health related risks. In this respect, this review outlines the key contamination sources of heavy metals in plants, as well as the absorption, mobilization and translocation of metal ions in plant compartments, while considering their respective mechanisms of detoxification. In addition, this literature review attempts to highlight how stress and defensive strategies operate in plants, pointing out the main stressors, either biotic or abiotic (e.g., heavy metals), and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stress answers. Finally, in our research, we further aim to capture the risks caused by heavy metals in medicinal plants to human health through the assessment of both a hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI).

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“…There are numerous restricted ingredients and prohibited substances that have a signi cant impact on the safety of cosmetics [3]. Cosmetics are described as "any products that can be used on any part of the human body for cleaning, beauti cation, or enhancing perceived attractiveness, and includes all products for uses as cosmetics" [4]. Furthermore, there are two categories for cosmetics: leave-on and rinse-off.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Color Effect on Cadmium and Lead Contents in the Most Popular Cosmetics in the Saudi Market

Albugami,

Buzaid,

Shah

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study focused on determining the concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in four types of coloured cosmetic products (lipstick, blusher, eyeshadow, and hair dye) available at local markets in Saudi Arabia. Forty-eight cosmetic samples were analysed via inductively coupled plasma‒optical emission spectrometry (ICP‒OES) to measure the contents of Pb and Cd.Quality control of the data was achieved by the analysis of Hay Powder, an IAEA-V-10 standard reference material from IAEA. The concentrations of Pb in the lipstick, blusher, eyeshadow, and hair dye samples ranged from 0.052–2.823, 0.204–1.097, 1.100-2.519 and 0.142–0.187 ppm, respectively, while the concentrations of Cd ranged from 0.001–0.071, 0.003–0.019, 0.022 − 0.0061 and 0.000-0.001 ppm, respectively. The effect of color on concentration was also investigated. The results of this study were compared with those of previous studies. According to the Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), the concentrations of Pb and Cd in all samples that were examined were within permissible limits. The results derived from the utilization of hazard quotient (HQ) indices show that Pb had the highest HQ, while Cd had the lowest HQ in all cosmetics studied. In addition, the hazard indices (HIs) for lipstick, blusher, eyeshadow, and hair days ranged from 0.02–1.179, 0.08–0.457, 0.459–1.375, and 0.059–0.077, respectively.

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Cobalt and lead concentrations in cosmetic products sold at local markets in Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Quality and safety investigation of commonly used topical cosmetic preparations

Quality and safety investigation of commonly used topical cosmetic preparations

Medicinal Plant Growth in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils: Responses to Metal Stress and Induced Risks to Human Health

Assessment of the Color Effect on Cadmium and Lead Contents in the Most Popular Cosmetics in the Saudi Market

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