Cocaine blunts human CD4+ cell activation

Chiappelli, Francesco; Frost, Patrick; Manfrini, Ercolano; Lee, Patricia; Pham, Lanchi; Garcia, Celsa; Daley, S K; Kung, Michelle A.; Villanueva, P O Flores

doi:10.1016/0162-3109(94)90059-0

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Cell culture studies in vitro and animal studies in vivo are also supportive of our results. We originally showed that cocaine impairs CD4-mediated immune surveillance in vitro (27). Most recently cocaine was shown to stimulate HIV replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) implanted into mice with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) (23,55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four ml of heparinized blood was sent overnight to UCLA (Los Angeles, California) flow cytometry studies using standard dual fluorescence flow cytometry methods, and commercial anti-human CD monoclonal antibodies (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA) and a FACScan instrument (Becton Dickinson). Absolute CD4+ cell numbers were derived from transformation of the white blood cell count with the differential and the flow analysis data (27,42). Plasma was separated from the EDTA blood by centrifugation at 800g for 10 minutes.…”

Section: Virology and Flow Cytometry Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, both in vitro and in vivo studies report deleterious effects of drug abuse on the immune system and theorize that drug abuse should promote increased HIV-1-load and HIV-1-related disease progression (20)(21)(22)(23). Nevertheless, the relationship between HIV replication, AIDS progression and CD4 counts in human studies have produced incongruous results (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). The assessment of statistical associations between a dependent variable such as CD4+ counts and a predictor variable such as RNA viral load are often expressed in the form of multiple regression statistical models which include possible confounding variables such as age, ethnicity, and drugs of abuse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crack cocaine: effect modifier of RNA viral load and CD4 count in hiv infected african american women

et al. 2007

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This study reports on the role of cocaine as effect modifier of the association of CD4+ cell counts and RNA viral load. HIV-1 seropositive (n = 80) and seronegative (n = 42) African American women (AAW) crack cocaine smokers were recruited. Increasing cocaine use, based on self-reports and laboratory values, significantly exacerbates the immunopathology of HIV-1 in a dose-response manner, confirmed by a non-linear drop in CD4+ cell number for a given viral load in HIV+ AAW. This report supports a view of deleterious effects due to cocaine use in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virology and Flow Cytometry Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crack cocaine: effect modifier of RNA viral load and CD4 count in hiv infected african american women

et al. 2007

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“…Cocaine is a known immunotoxic agent, decreasing CD4 production threefold and increasing HIV reproduction up to 20-fold [6]. Cocaine is metabolized by plasma and hepatic esterases.…”

Section: Street Drug Interactions With Antiretroviralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Street Drug Interactions with Antiretroviral Medications

Gruber

McCance‐Katz

2010

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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While street drugs appear unlikely to alter the metabolism of antiretroviral (ARV) medications, several ARVs may induce or inhibit metabolism of various street drugs. However, research on these interactions is limited. Case reports have documented life-threatening overdoses of ecstasy and gamma-hydroxybutyrate after starting ritonavir, an ARV that inhibits several metabolic enzymes. For opioid addiction, methadone or buprenorphine are the treatments of choice. Because a number of ARVs decrease or increase methadone levels, patients should be monitored for methadone withdrawal or toxicity when they start or stop ARVs. Most ARVs do not cause buprenorphine withdrawal or toxicity, even if they alter buprenorphine levels, with rare exceptions to date including atazanavir/ritonavir associated with significant increases in buprenorphine and adverse events related to sedation and mental status changes in some cases. There are newer medications yet to be studied with methadone or buprenorphine. Further, there are many frequently used medications in treatment of complications of HIV disease that have not been studied. There is need for continuing research to define these drug interactions and their clinical significance.

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“…Cocaine has been shown to alter the phenotype and function of antigen presenting cells, macrophages, T cells, and the cytokines that they produce123789101112131415161718192021222324252627. Many of these effects appear to directly impact on HIV infection and replication82628.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine-mediated impact on HIV infection in humanized BLT mice

Kim

Lowe

Dixit

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Cocaine abuse has been shown to have broad-ranging effects on human immunity. With regards to HIV infection, in vitro studies have shown that cocaine enhances infection of stimulated lymphocytes. Moreover, cohort studies in the pre- and post-HAART era have linked stimulant abuse with increased HIV pathogenesis. The latter data, however, have been undermined by a series of confounding factors underscoring the importance of controlled in vivo models to fully assess the impact of cocaine use and abuse on HIV infection and pathogenesis. Here, we have infected humanized mice with HIV-1 following acute cocaine exposure to assess the impact on infection. Stimulant exposure resulted in increased inflammatory cytokine expression, accelerated HIV infection, while blunting effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These data demonstrate cocaine’s multifactorial impact on HIV infection that extends beyond high-risk behavior.

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Cocaine blunts human CD4+ cell activation

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Crack cocaine: effect modifier of RNA viral load and CD4 count in hiv infected african american women

Crack cocaine: effect modifier of RNA viral load and CD4 count in hiv infected african american women

Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Street Drug Interactions with Antiretroviral Medications

Cocaine-mediated impact on HIV infection in humanized BLT mice

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