Coccidia-Microbiota Interactions and Their Effects on the Host

Lu, Chenyang; Yan, Ye; Jian, Fuchun; Ning, Changshen

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.751481

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 136 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…Decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes indicates lower ability of the ileal microbes on degradation of complex carbohydrates. Coccidial infection can dramatically decrease the resident microbiota and increase conditionally pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridiales ( Ramanan et al, 2016 ; Lu et al, 2021 ). It can lead to more severe clinical manifestations by providing an environment which is conducive for pathogenic bacteria, such as Campylobacter jejuni , C. perfringens , Salmonella , and other bacteria ( Kogut et al, 1994 ; Ficko-Blean et al, 2012 ; Macdonald et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of challenge with Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria and both on ileal microbiota of yellow feather broilers

Feng

Zhu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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In the poultry industry worldwide, Clostridium perfringens has been causing major economic loss as it can cause necrotic enteritis (NE). The coccidial infection has been considered as the most important predisposing factor of NE caused by C. perfringens. In this study, we aimed to advance our knowledge on ileal microbiota of yellow feather broilers under C. perfringens and/or Eimeria challenge. Total of 80 healthy day old yellow feather broilers were randomly assigned to four groups including: Control, C. perfringens challenge group (C. Per), Eimeria challenge group (Cocc), and C. perfringens plus Eimeria challenge group (Comb). On day 14, the Cocc and Comb group broilers were orally gavaged 1 ml PBS solution containing 25,000 oocysts of Eimeria brunetti and 25,000 oocysts of Eimeria maxima. Starting on day 17, the C. Per and Comb group broilers were orally gavaged 10 mL of C. perfringens per bird (4 × 107 CFU/mL, ATCC® 13124™ Strain) every day for 6 days. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on extracted DNA of ileal digesta samples. The results showed that C. perfringens alone did not affect the alpha diversity of ileal microbiome in yellow feather broilers but co-infection with Eimeria significantly decreased the diversity of ileal microbiota. C. perfringens and Eimeria challenge also decreased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria including Bacteroidetes at the phylum level and Faecalibacterium at the genus level. At the species level, the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus was significantly decreased in the Eimeria challenged groups. This microbial shift information of ileal microbiota under C. Perfringens and Eimeria challenge provide important reference data for the development of therapeutic approaches to necrotic enteritis in yellow-feather broiler chickens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of challenge with Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria and both on ileal microbiota of yellow feather broilers

Feng

Zhu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Moreover, disruption of the balance between the organism and the microbiome caused by Eimeria sp. results in dysbiosis (Lu et al., 2021). The interaction between these commensal and pathological microbial species and immune systems is another endogenous source of free radical generation (Allen, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Eimeria and Cryptosporidium infection and its effects on pathology and clinical outcomes in juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in Thailand

Suyapoh,

Keawchana,

Sornying

et al. 2024

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Coccidiosis is an important disease in juvenile fish because of severe intestinal injury during infection. We first reported the mixed infection of intestinal coccidia and its association with health status and pathological findings in juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in Thailand. Two groups of Asian seabass, 60‐day fish and 90‐day fish, were sampled to investigate prevalence and coccidian infection intensity using morphological characterization and PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene amplified from the intestines revealed Eimeria sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. infection. The prevalence of Eimeria sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. in sampled fish was 100%. Clinical outcomes assessed, using health assessment index (HAI) scoring and semi‐quantitative grading of intestinal lesions and inflammation, demonstrated that all fish developed variety of pathology and clinical illness; however, infection intensity in 60‐day fish was significantly higher (p < .05) than 90‐day fish. The HAI score of 60‐day fish was poorer than 90‐day fish, which correlated to a high infection intensity (r = .397), analysed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Overproduction of intestinal oxidants contributing to mucosal injury was examined by nitrotyrosine expression. The high production of reactive nitrogen species indicated severe inflammatory response, and intestinal injuries occurred mainly in the 60‐day fish.

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“…Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria are the main phyla in poultry intestines (Waite and Taylor, 2015). Coccidia is the major intestinal protozoa of birds, which directly or indirectly affects the health of the host and significantly decreases microbiota diversity in the host intestine, and changes in the intestinal microbiota may also influence the infectivity of coccidian (Lu et al, 2021). The intestinal microbiome composition can be influenced by drugs too.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of salinomycin and ethanamizuril on the three microbial communities in vivo and in vitro

et al. 2022

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The fate of a drug is not only the process of drug metabolism in vivo and in vitro but also the homeostasis of drug-exposed microbial communities may be disturbed. Anticoccidial drugs are widely used to combat the detrimental effects of protozoan parasites in the poultry industry. Salinomycin and ethanamizuril belong to two different classes of anticoccidial drugs. The effect of salinomycin and ethanamizuril on the microbiota of cecal content, manure compost, and soil remains unknown. Our results showed that although both salinomycin and ethanamizuril treatments suppressed some opportunistic pathogens, they failed to repair the great changes in chicken cecal microbial compositions caused by coccidia infection. Subsequently, the metabolite5 profiling of cecal content by LC-MS/MS analyses confirmed the great impact of coccidia infection on chicken cecum and showed that histidine metabolism may be the main action pathway of salinomycin, and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis may be the major regulatory mechanism of ethanamizuril. The microbial community of manure compost showed a mild response to ethanamizuril treatment, but ethanamizuril in soil could promote Actinobacteria reproduction, which may inhibit other taxonomic bacteria. When the soil and manure were exposed to salinomycin, the Proteobacteria abundance of microbial communities showed a significant increase, which suggested that salinomycin may improve the ability of the microbiota to utilize carbon sources. This hypothesis was confirmed by a BIOLOG ECO microplate analysis. In the animal model of coccidia infection, the treatment of salinomycin and ethanamizuril may reconstruct a new equilibrium of the intestinal microbiota. In an in vitro environment, the effect of ethanamizuril on composting and soil microbiota seems to be slight. However, salinomycin has a great impact on the microbial communities of manure composting and soil. In particular, the promoting effect of salinomycin on Proteobacteria phylum should be further concerned. In general, salinomycin and ethanamizuril have diverse effects on various microbial communities.

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Coccidia-Microbiota Interactions and Their Effects on the Host

Cited by 34 publications

References 136 publications

Effects of challenge with Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria and both on ileal microbiota of yellow feather broilers

Effects of challenge with Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria and both on ileal microbiota of yellow feather broilers

Mixed Eimeria and Cryptosporidium infection and its effects on pathology and clinical outcomes in juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in Thailand

Effects of salinomycin and ethanamizuril on the three microbial communities in vivo and in vitro

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