Coconut Value Chain Analysis: A Systematic Review

Zainol, Fakhrul Anwar; Arumugam, Nalini; Daud, Wan Norhayate Wan; Suhaimi, Nurul Aisyah Mohd; Ishola, Balogun Daud; Ishak, Aulia; Afthanorhan, Asyraf

doi:10.3390/agriculture13071379

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…With the significant increase in the worldwide supply and demand for coconut products and co-products over the past few decades, the coconut industry has played an important role in the economies of producer countries [ 23 , 24 ]. Coconut production reached a total of 62.41 million metric tons (MMT) in 2022, derived from the 11.05 million hectares devoted to coconut plantation, based on the latest data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) [ 25 ].…”

Section: Industry Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copra Meal: A Review of Its Production, Properties, and Prospects

Punzalan,

Rosentrater

2024

Animals

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Copra meal, the byproduct of coconut oil production, has been widely available at low cost but has been underutilized, with huge portions still becoming waste. Extensive research on different species have been performed to improve its use as an alternative feed ingredient, aiming to reduce the impact of fluctuating feed prices in some parts of the world where coconut is a major commodity. As for any biological product, the physical and chemical properties of copra meal play a crucial role in its use and limitations. In the case of copra meal, studies have found that additional treatments are needed to improve its nutritional composition and make it readily and efficiently available for ruminant and monogastric animals, poultry, and aquaculture applications. This paper presents a summary of up-to-date information on the physical and chemical characteristics of the product, as well as discussions on the various methods employed to improve and optimize its biological value as animal feed. There have been limited studies that have explored other effective and economical means of utilizing copra meal outside the livestock and feed industry. Hence, this paper also aims to provide a lens on future prospects and diverse applications involving copra meal, as well as to present the gaps and challenges that have to be addressed to maximize its product value and biological potential.

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Section: Industry Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copra Meal: A Review of Its Production, Properties, and Prospects

Punzalan,

Rosentrater

2024

Animals

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“…Testa, the by-product of desiccated coconut and virgin coconut oil mills, is utilized to extract high-quality pairing oil; nevertheless, challenges arise in its production when appropriate methods and hygienic conditions are not implemented (Srivastava et al, 2016). In the case of many virgin coconut oil producers, which is the main income, the production of pairing oil, which serves as an additional source of income, is often paid less attention and improper processing of testa results in the production of low-quality pairing oil (Zainol et al, 2023).…”

Section: Quality and Safety Issues Regarding Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the quality and safety issues in the coconut oil processing industry in Sri Lanka: A Review

Samarasinghe,

Samaranayake,

Dharmaprema

2023

J Sci.Univ.Kelaniya

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Coconut oil is a significant dietary component in Sri Lanka and serves as the primary source of fat for Sri Lankans, primarily used for culinary purposes. This review focuses on the quality and safety concerns within the coconut oil processing industry of Sri Lanka. The study collected data through interviews with industry personnel, conducted field visits to both small-scale and large-scale operations, and analyzed existing research. Several factors impact the quality and safety of coconut oil products. Key issues include the increase in free fatty acid content, the production of aflatoxin in copra, phthalate contamination from packaging, and the contamination of coconut oil with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These quality and safety concerns result from cross-contamination with metals and other chemicals during equipment use, a shortage of trained personnel, insufficient laboratory testing of oil quality parameters before market distribution, and inadequate surveillance of small and medium-sized oil mills by regulatory bodies. Additionally, the local market faces high levels of adulteration, where coconut oil is mixed with lower-quality oils, stored improperly, or is of overall poor quality. Issues related to coconut cultivation include a decline in yields due to inefficient land usage, reduced productivity, climate change impacts, pest infestations, diseases, and increased production costs. The adulteration problem arises from the supply-demand gap for coconut oil in Sri Lanka and the high cost of producing one litre of good-quality coconut oil. The Sri Lankan government and the Sri Lanka Standards Institution have introduced a product standard for coconut oil production, outlining key parameters for the final product. Nevertheless, the absence of a comprehensive process standard affects quality control throughout production. Small and medium-scale producers lack awareness of SLSI standards, leading to non-compliance, along with an absence of regular quality and safety checks. Consequently, stringent enforcement is necessary to address these challenges. While improvements have been made, unresolved issues remain; therefore, a quality assurance system for the coconut oil processing industry is an urgent requirement, especially for small and medium-scale oil production facilities, which are key suppliers to the local market.

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“…However, the growing population has caused a substantial Forests 2024, 15, 764 2 of 12 rise in the need for both producing and consuming coconuts. The global market value of coconut products amounted to approximately $13 billion in 2019, and it is projected to potentially reach $31 billion by 2024 [8]. The sustainability and expansion of the industry face noteworthy challenges due to the existence of aged and unproductive coconut trees in these plantations, environmental pressures, and the absence of high-yield coconut varieties [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Maturity, Storage, and Embryo Size on Coconut Callus Induction Success

Mu,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Forests

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Coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) are globally significant palms with both economic and cultural value. Despite the increasing demand for coconut products, production is decreasing globally due to palm senility, pests, and diseases. It has been estimated that over half of the world’s coconut palms need to be replaced immediately. The coconut industry has acknowledged that conventional propagation methods are unlikely to yield sufficient high-quality planting material. Therefore, coconut tissue culture is considered a potential solution to this problem. By using coconut tissue culture, a large number of plantlets can be obtained in a short period of time. In this study, the quality of explants and the development stage (visible shoot/non-visible shoot) of coconut used for micropropagation were examined. To our knowledge, little research has been undertaken on this aspect of coconut micropropagation. Our results indicated that tender coconut fruit exhibited an advantage over mature fruits. In addition, coconut plumule explants subjected to an extended storage of 15 days demonstrated enhanced development compared to those without storage. Notably, smaller embryos utilized as explants displayed superior callus formation compared to their larger counterparts. Finally, embryos possessing shoots exhibited improved callus initiation, albeit accompanied by a more pronounced browning effect. Further investigations are required to obtain more knowledge about the most suitable conditions for plumule explants that lead to optimal callus initiation.

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Coconut Value Chain Analysis: A Systematic Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Copra Meal: A Review of Its Production, Properties, and Prospects

Copra Meal: A Review of Its Production, Properties, and Prospects

Exploring the quality and safety issues in the coconut oil processing industry in Sri Lanka: A Review

The Influence of Maturity, Storage, and Embryo Size on Coconut Callus Induction Success

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