Code Words in Political Discourse

Khoo, Justin

doi:10.5840/philtopics201745213

Cited by 77 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Með þeim haetti fá sum orðin í tungumálinu sérstaka merkingu (e. marked) til merkis um að þau séu frávik frá hinu eigindlega á meðan önnur orð eru ómerkt (e. unmarked) til marks um að þau tákni eðlilegt ástand -til daemis hvernig við notum orðið maður sem norm og kona sem frávik frá norminu (Zerubavel 2018). Orð og hugtök virka því sem nokkurs konar kóðuð skilaboð (e. coded text) og fá þannig félagslega merkingu (e. social meaning) sem gagnast einum málstað fremur en öðrum (Chong & Druckman 2007;Khoo 2017;Lessig 1995).…”

Section: Stjórnmál and Stjórnsýslaunclassified

Áhrif mismunandi hugtakanotkunar á viðhorf almennings

Halldorsson¹

2020

irpa

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Politicians deliver their messages through the use of language with the intention of creating public support for their ideas and actions. Politicians, therefore, apply certain concepts, in preference to others, to mark certain phenomena in a specific way in the common discourse. Therefore, concepts utilized by politicians need to be analyzed critically from a sociological and political perspective. This paper is built on a political discourse analysis of the strategic “normalization” of political concepts by Icelandic politicians. The Social Science Research Institute at the University of Iceland conducted a questionnaire survey on the attitudes of Icelanders towards three debated issues in contemporary Icelandic society: the legitimization of casinos, ways to finance major road constructions, and new laws on the abortion rights of women. To account for the effects of the politicians’ utilization of concepts, half of the respondents received a question with a “neutral” concept and the other half got a question with a “value-laden” concept on each of the issues. The hypotheses assumed that the more neutral concepts would gain more general support than the more value-laden concepts. The results indicate that the attitudes towards the three issues were mixed and, furthermore, that the use of different concepts does not seem to make much of a difference, since only one hypothesis was supported, whereas the other two were rejected. It can also be argued that the circulation of concepts and the conceptual literacy of the public are important issues in this context.

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Section: Stjórnmál and Stjórnsýslaunclassified

Áhrif mismunandi hugtakanotkunar á viðhorf almennings

Halldorsson¹

2020

irpa

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“…101-102 for discussion of deliberately ambiguous speech acts). 12 10 The existence of different communicative intentions being directed at different audiences with a single utterance is discussed in the literature on political "code words" (Khoo, 2017) and "dogwhistles" (Saul, 2018). 11 Thanks to an anonymous referee for asking for discussion of this possibility: "it is worth getting clear on how one knows whether something is just a metalinguistic proposal versus an invitation to fight about meaning".…”

Section: Conceptual Pacts As Successful Small-scale Metalinguistic Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metalinguistic proposals

Hansen

2019

Inquiry

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This paper sets out the felicity conditions for metalinguistic proposals, a type of directive illocutionary act. It discusses the relevance of metalinguistic proposals and other metalinguistic directives for understanding both small-and large-scale "linguistic engineering" projects, "essentially contested concepts", metalinguistic provocations, and the methodology of ordinary language philosophy. Metalinguistic proposals are compared with other types of linguistic interventions, including metalinguistic negotiation, conceptual engineering, lexical warfare, and ameliorative projects.

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“…The shining city on the hill will start to look like an inner-city wreck. (Trump 2011, Time to Get Tough: Making America # 1 Again, quoted in Khoo 2017) What is the relevance of bringing up city centers, where the majority of the population is black, while arguing and advising against reelecting the first black president? By mentioning Obama and inner-cities in the same breath, Trump invites the audience to see a relevant connection between the two, a connection based on the salience of skin color and the racial resentment the audience presumably shares.…”

Section: How Does Speech Do Direct and Indirect Harm?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Beasts in Human Form”: How Dangerous Speech Harms

Marques¹

2019

Araucaria

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Recent years have seen an upsurge of inflammatory speech around the world. Understanding the mechanisms that correlate speech with violence is a necessary step to explore the most effective forms of counterspeech. This paper starts with a review of the features of dangerous speech and ideology, as formulated by Jonathan Maynard and Susan Benesch. It then offers a conceptual framework to analyze some of the underlying linguistic mechanisms at play: derogatory language, code words, figleaves, and meaning perversions. It gives a hypothesis for assessing the moral responsibility of interlocutors in dangerous speech situations. The last section applies this framework to the case of demagogic discourse by Catalan nationalists. The framework offered explains how public discourse in Catalonia has harmed social relations and institutions, and is an obstacle to rational resolutions to the political situation.

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Code Words in Political Discourse

Cited by 77 publications

References 35 publications

Áhrif mismunandi hugtakanotkunar á viðhorf almennings

Áhrif mismunandi hugtakanotkunar á viðhorf almennings

Metalinguistic proposals

“Beasts in Human Form”: How Dangerous Speech Harms

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