Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of an African Swine Fever Virus from an Outbreak in 2021 among Domestic Pigs in Pangasinan, Philippines

Montecillo, Andrew D.; Baybay, Zyne; Cabug, Ralph Carolyn; Cariaso, Wreahlen; Jose, John Paulo; Mantaring, Sheila; Briones, Annabelle V.; Warr, Amanda; Tait-Burkard, Christine; Villegas, Lucille C.; Pantua, Homer

doi:10.1128/mra.00719-22

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal disease of pigs emerging globally and is gaining momentum in Asia since its introduction to China in August 2018 1 , followed by several countries in Southeast Asia [2][3][4][5][6] . ASF virus (ASFV), a large double-stranded DNA virus and a member of the Asfarviridae family, is the causative agent.…”

Section: Intradermal Needle-free Injection Prevents African Swine Fev...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intradermal needle-free injection prevents African Swine Fever transmission, while intramuscular needle injection does not

Salman

Lin²,

Suntisukwattana

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Shared needles are a possible iatrogenic and hematogenous inanimate vector of African Swine Fever virus (ASFV) in farm conditions. To evaluate that possible transmission, sixty, 4-week-old pigs were procured from an ASF free herd free. Upon arrival, pigs were randomly divided into two sets. Set 1 served as seeder pigs, and were randomly allocated to 4 groups. The other pigs were divided into 8 groups, and served as sentinels. Seeder pigs were oronasally challenged with ASFV at high (108 copy numbers/mL), moderate (106 copy numbers/mL) or low (101 copy numbers/mL) challenge titer, except a subgroup that remained unchallenged (negative control). At 7 days post challenge (peak viremia), all four seeder groups were intradermally and intramuscularly (IM) injected with a vaccine adjuvant (Diluvac Forte, MSD Animal Health, The Netherlands) using a needle-free device (IDAL 3G, MSD Animal Health, The Netherlands) and conventional needles, respectively. The same needle or needle-free device was then used to inject the same volume of adjuvant into set 2 (n = 48) pigs. All pigs were observed for clinical disease daily and assayed for the presence of ASFV DNA by quantitative PCR. All seeder groups developed viremia (except the control pigs). ASFV viremia was detected in all sentinel groups injected via the intramuscular route. Transmission rate from the IM route via conventional needles was positively correlated with virus titer in blood circulation of seeders. Sentinels intramuscularly exposed to needles from high titer challenged seeders displayed more severe and acute clinical disease compared to that of exposed to low titer challenged seeders. No viremia nor clinical signs were observed in the sentinel groups injected via the intradermal route. This study confirmed the hematogenous transmission of ASFV between pigs through needle-sharing.

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Section: Intradermal Needle-free Injection Prevents African Swine Fev...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intradermal needle-free injection prevents African Swine Fever transmission, while intramuscular needle injection does not

Salman

Lin²,

Suntisukwattana

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Spatiotemporal patterns of ASF in the Philippines based on 2019–2022 data revealed that ASF outbreaks are lowest during the hot and dry months, with possible explanations on virus sensitivity to temperature and infrequent pig movements between farms and administrative borders [ 21 ]. Assuming the presence of unreported outbreaks in the study sites, the low seroprevalence could also be explained by the high mortality rates caused by the pathogenic ASFV (genotype II) present in the Philippines [ 19 , 20 ], meaning those remaining pigs that survived from ASF or were exposed to the virus were likely sold or delivered to the abattoir. The level of ASF seropositivity among pigs for slaughter in this study is comparable to the neighboring Southeast Asian country of Cambodia, showing a low ASF seroprevalence (2.6%) in pigs for slaughter in Phnom Penh.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of African swine fever in pigs for slaughter in Leyte, Philippines

Portugaliza

2024

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of African swine fever (ASF) in pigs for slaughter in Leyte, Philippines. It underpins the concept that recovered and infected pigs from ASF are likely sent for slaughter to avoid perceived economic losses. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2023 in eight abattoirs, each representing both a city and a municipality in Leyte province. A total of 218 blood samples from 78 farms were examined for ASF virus (ASFV) (VP72) antibodies using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Descriptive and seroprevalence analyses were performed. Results: ASF antibodies were detected in pigs for slaughter from abattoirs in Baybay and Ormoc cities, showing a seroprevalence of 3.57% (1/28 pigs) and 2.27% (1/44 pigs), respectively. An apparent absence of ASF antibodies was observed among pigs for slaughter in Isabel, Villaba, Abuyog, Kananga, Dulag, and Macarthur. The farm-level seroprevalence was 2.56% (95% CI: 0.71%–8.88%), while the pig-level seroprevalence was 0.91% (95% CI: 0.25%–3.27%). Conclusion: Detecting ASF antibodies among pigs for slaughter implies exposure to the virus from the farm of origin. This means that, on some farms, ASF remains unreported or undiagnosed. Active surveillance is needed for early case detection and rapid response to control the spread of ASF in the country.

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“…Another study also revealed that the ASFV circulating in some affected areas of Central Luzon showed 100% sequence similarity with sequences reported from India, Malaysia, and Vietnam [ 42 ]. Recently, the coding-complete genome sequence of ASFV, a single contig with 192,377 bp isolated from an outbreak in 2021 and locally sequenced using Nanopore sequencing technology, was first reported and showed that the local isolate belongs to the same clade as ASFV strains from Timor-Leste, China, Ukraine, Belgium, and Poland [ 43 ]. These sequence data came from the blood samples of pigs from ASF outbreaks in two different provinces.…”

Section: Asf Epidemiology and Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

African Swine Fever in the Philippines: A Review on Surveillance, Prevention, and Control Strategies

Fernandez-Colorado,

Kim,

Flores

et al. 2024

Animals

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African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious disease of swine, has posed a significant global threat to the swine industry. As an archipelago, the Philippines has a geographic advantage when it comes to the risk of ASF transmission. However, since its introduction to the Philippines in 2019, it has proliferated not only in backyard and commercial farms but also in wild pig populations. While certain parts of the country were more affected than others, the epidemiologic features of ASF necessitate that all affected areas must be closely monitored and that confirmed cases be treated with the utmost care. With the very limited data on ASF epidemiology and surveillance in the Philippines, future efforts to combat ASF must place even greater emphasis on improved prevention and control strategies. It is worth mentioning that the government’s efforts toward comprehensive ASF surveillance and epidemiological investigation into the possible ASFV sources or transmission pathways are the most important measures in the prevention and control of ASF outbreaks. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current swine industry and ASF situation in the Philippines, which includes its epidemiology, surveillance, prevention, and control strategies.

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Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of an African Swine Fever Virus from an Outbreak in 2021 among Domestic Pigs in Pangasinan, Philippines

Abstract: We report a coding-complete genome sequence of an African swine fever virus from an outbreak in 2021 among domestic pigs in Pangasinan, Philippines using Oxford Nanopore Technologies minION. The linear genome assembly is a single contig with 192,377 bp.

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Intradermal needle-free injection prevents African Swine Fever transmission, while intramuscular needle injection does not

Intradermal needle-free injection prevents African Swine Fever transmission, while intramuscular needle injection does not

Seroprevalence of African swine fever in pigs for slaughter in Leyte, Philippines

African Swine Fever in the Philippines: A Review on Surveillance, Prevention, and Control Strategies

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