Coercion, Construction, and 'ODF paper pe': Swachh Bharat According to Local Officials

Gupta, Aashish; Khalid, Nazar; Hathi, Payal; Srivastav, Nikhil; Vyas, Sangita; Coffey, Diane

doi:10.31235/osf.io/c3va8

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Our interviews corroborated other research that has shown the subsidy for latrine construction provided through SBA-G (12,000 Indian Rupees) to be inadequate to cover the costs for poor households [30]. The government recommends twin-pit latrines for rural households, which families have to empty once they are full.…”

Section: Subsidy Model For Latrine Construction Is Inadequatesupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Behavior change interventions have also been critiqued because, for those who cannot change their behavior due to structural reasons, they generate "additional social stigma for failing to maintain new social norms regarding health behaviors" [36] (p. 194). At their worst, these behavior change interventions have been coercive, and cavalier with respect to individuals' rights and privacy [7,30,51]. For all these reasons, research as well as policy needs to take seriously the social-political determinants of latrine adoption if OD is to be eliminated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…India has been considered a "problem" for latrine use from colonial times: blunt declarations by foreign health workers such as "the Hindoo cannot be made to use a latrine" (see Cosgrove, 1909, p.67) [38] have since been replaced by "fixing dreadful sanitation in India requires not just building lavatories but changing habits" (The Economist in 2014) [39]. SBA-G built on many past efforts to eliminate OD in India, which largely failed to meet their targets [14,30].…”

Section: Under the Lid Of Swachh Bharat Abhiyanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Government reports claim that 96 million latrines have been constructed under SBA-G and that every state now has 100% sanitation coverage [29], but researchers both before and after SBA-G have expressed skepticism about how open defecation free (ODF) status is verified and about the statistics the government publishes [27,30]. One study found that only one in eight of the villages declared to be ODF in 2018 actually had universal sanitation coverage [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Understanding Open Defecation in the Age of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Agency, Accountability, and Anger in Rural Bihar

Jain

Wagner

Snell‐Rood

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, India’s flagship sanitation intervention, set out to end open defecation by October 2019. While the program improved toilet coverage nationally, large regional disparities in construction and use remain. Our study used ethnographic methods to explore perspectives on open defecation and latrine use, and the socio-economic and political reasons for these perspectives, in rural Bihar. We draw on insights from social epidemiology and political ecology to explore the structural determinants of latrine ownership and use. Though researchers have often pointed to rural residents’ preference for open defecation, we found that people were aware of its many risks. We also found that (i) while sanitation research and “behavior change” campaigns often conflate the reluctance to adopt latrines with a preference for open defecation, this is an erroneous conflation; (ii) a subsidy can help (some) households to construct latrines but the amount of the subsidy and the manner of its disbursement are key to its usefulness; and (iii) widespread resentment towards what many rural residents view as a development bias against rural areas reinforces distrust towards the government overall and its Swachh Bharat Abhiyan-funded latrines in particular. These social-structural explanations for the slow uptake of sanitation in rural Bihar (and potentially elsewhere) deserve more attention in sanitation research and promotion efforts.

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Section: Subsidy Model For Latrine Construction Is Inadequatesupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Under the Lid Of Swachh Bharat Abhiyanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Understanding Open Defecation in the Age of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Agency, Accountability, and Anger in Rural Bihar

Jain

Wagner

Snell‐Rood

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These disparities persist inter-generationally (Azam and Bhatt, 2015). Evidence suggests that government programs and the legal system are more coercive when dealing with members of marginalized social groups (Gupta et al, 2019;Ahmad and Siddiqui, 2017;Bose and Dayal, 2018). Experiments have helped show that discrimination plays a role in determining these differences (Thorat and Attewell, 2007;Datta and Pathania, 2016;Deshpande and Spears, 2016).…”

Section: Social Inequality and Mental Health In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Caste, Religion, and Mental Health in India

Gupta

Coffey

2020

Popul Res Policy Rev

Self Cite

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The relationship between mental health and social disadvantage in low and middle income countries is poorly understood. Our study contributes the first populationlevel analysis of mental health disparities in India, where the two marginalized groups that we study constitute a population larger than that of the United States. Applying two complementary empirical strategies to data on 10,125 adults interviewed by the World Health Organisation's Survey of Global Ageing and Adult Health (WHO-SAGE), we document and standardize gaps in self-reported mental health between the dominant social group (higher caste Hindus) and two marginalized social groups (Scheduled Castes and Muslims). We find that differences in socioeconomic status cannot fully explain the large disparities in mental health that we document, especially for Muslims. Our results highlight the need for research to understand the causes and consequences of mental health disparities in India, and for policies to move beyond redistribution and address discrimination against Scheduled Castes and Muslims.

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Sustainable development goals for industry, innovation, and infrastructure: demolition waste incorporated with nanoplastic waste enhanced the physicomechanical properties of white cement paste composites

Abdelzaher

2023

Appl Nanosci

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The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacts the increase in plastic waste from food packaging, masks, gloves, and personal protective equipment (PPE), resulting in an environmental disaster, if collected, processed, transported, or disposed inappropriately. Plastic waste has a very long deterioration time in the environment (soil and water), cheap, and plentiful. Additionally, construction waste disposal is a process that transfers debris to a state that does lead to any sustainable or environmental problems. The core objective of this current research work is to provide safety and efficacy by partial substitution of both ultrafine demolition waste (UDW), incorporated with nanoplastic waste (NPW), for eco-white cement (E-WC) composition. E-WC is designed by partially substituted WC with UDW (1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 wt.%); incorporated with NPW (1.0 and 3.0 wt.%); to adequately protect people and the environment over long periods. The context examines the high performance, physicomechanical properties and high durability of blends as presences of silica in UDW proposed a hydraulic filler material, plus; high surface area of NPW. The microstructure and workability are characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) measurements. The record results show greatly enhanced in the mechanical strength due to the combination of NPW and UDW (active silica). With the presence of NPW and UDW in WC matrix, the highest level of crystallization formed consequently a decrease in whiteness reflection (Ry) and total porosity. In summary, WC blend with NPW and UDW reflects better workability and energy saving qualities, which are economical and environmentally beneficial and may result in decreased construction budget and improve a long-term raw material sustainability.

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Coercion, Construction, and 'ODF paper pe': Swachh Bharat According to Local Officials

Abstract: The Swachh Bharat Mission has turned out to be a top-down programme in which villagers are often coerced into building latrines, with relatively little focus on latrine use. A field survey challenges the official narrative that the SBM is a "people's movement".

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Understanding Open Defecation in the Age of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Agency, Accountability, and Anger in Rural Bihar

Understanding Open Defecation in the Age of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Agency, Accountability, and Anger in Rural Bihar

Caste, Religion, and Mental Health in India

Sustainable development goals for industry, innovation, and infrastructure: demolition waste incorporated with nanoplastic waste enhanced the physicomechanical properties of white cement paste composites

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