Cognitive and Affective Mechanisms Linking Trait Mindfulness to Craving Among Individuals in Addiction Recovery

Garland, Eric L.; Roberts-Lewis, Amelia; Kelley, Karen; Tronnier, Christine D.; Hanley, Adam W.

doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.850309

Cited by 50 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Then the adapted drug craving items were summed with the alcohol craving items to compute a total substance craving score across all 10 items (α = .93). This substance craving version of the PACS has been validated in several studies (Garland & Roberts-Lewis, 2013; Garland, Roberts-Lewis, Kelley, Tronnier, & Hanley, 2014; Witkiewitz & Bowen, 2011). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement versus CBT for co-occurring substance dependence, traumatic stress, and psychiatric disorders: Proximal outcomes from a pragmatic randomized trial

Garland

Roberts-Lewis

Tronnier

et al. 2016

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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142

102

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In clinical settings, there is a high comorbidity between substance use disorders, psychiatric disorders, and traumatic stress. As such, transdiagnostic therapies are needed to address these co-occurring issues efficiently. The aim of the present study was to conduct a pragmatic randomized controlled trial comparing Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) to group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and treatment-as-usual (TAU) for previously homeless men residing in a therapeutic community. Men with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders, as well as extensive trauma histories, were randomly assigned to 10 weeks of group treatment with MORE (n=64), CBT (n=64), or TAU (n=52). Study findings indicated that from pre- to post-treatment MORE was associated with modest yet significantly greater improvements in substance craving, post-traumatic stress, and negative affect than CBT, and significantly greater improvements in post-traumatic stress and positive affect than TAU. A significant indirect effect of MORE on decreasing craving and post-traumatic stress by increasing dispositional mindfulness was observed, suggesting that MORE may target these issues via enhancing mindful awareness in everyday life. This pragmatic trial represents the first head-to-head comparison of MORE against an empirically-supported treatment for co-occurring disorders. Results suggest that MORE, as an integrative therapy designed to bolster self-regulatory capacity, may hold promise as a treatment for intersecting clinical conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement versus CBT for co-occurring substance dependence, traumatic stress, and psychiatric disorders: Proximal outcomes from a pragmatic randomized trial

Garland

Roberts-Lewis

Tronnier

et al. 2016

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Self Cite

142

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cross-sectional research indicates that reappraisal mediates the association between dispositional mindfulness and depressive symptoms among patients with psychiatric disorders (Desrosiers, Vine, Klemanski, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2013). Relatedly, among patients with substance use disorders, the inverse association between trait mindfulness and craving was partially mediated by positive reappraisal (Garland, Roberts-Lewis, Kelley, Tronnier, & Hanley, 2014). Moreover, in the largest cross-sectional study of this phenomenon to date (N = 819), across five diverse samples including college students, alcohol dependent adults, and chronic pain patients, trait mindfulness was correlated with positive reappraisal (r = .41), even after controlling for positive affect (Hanley & Garland, 2014).…”

Section: Evidence For a Link Between Mindfulness And Positive Reappramentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness Broadens Awareness and Builds Eudaimonic Meaning: A Process Model of Mindful Positive Emotion Regulation

Garland

Farb

Goldin

et al. 2015

Psychological Inquiry

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563

517

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Contemporary scholarship on mindfulness casts it as a form of purely non-evaluative engagement with experience. Yet, traditionally mindfulness was not intended to operate in a vacuum of dispassionate observation, but was seen as facilitative of eudaimonic mental states. In spite of this historical context, modern psychological research has neglected to ask the question of how the practice of mindfulness affects downstream emotion regulatory processes to impact the sense of meaning in life. To fill this lacuna, here we describe the Mindfulness-to-Meaning Theory, from which we derive a novel process model of mindful positive emotion regulation informed by affective science, in which mindfulness is proposed to introduce flexibility in the generation of cognitive appraisals by enhancing interoceptive attention, thereby expanding the scope of cognition to facilitate reappraisal of adversity and savoring of positive experience. This process is proposed to culminate in a deepened capacity for meaning-making and greater engagement with life.

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“…A quasi-experimental study found that relative to college students in a standard communications class, students in a mindful communication course had significantly greater increases in dispositional mindfulness which were coupled with enhanced positive reappraisal (Huston, Garland, & Farb, 2011). Cross-sectional research indicates that reappraisal mediates the association between dispositional mindfulness and depressive symptoms among treatment-seeking patients with psychiatric disorders (Desrosiers, Vine, Klemanski, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2013), and mediates the association between mindfulness and craving among persons with substance dependence (Garland, Roberts-Lewis, Kelley, Tronnier, & Hanley, in press). In laboratory research employing an experimental sadness induction, persons who had completed Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy demonstrated significantly greater reappraisal efficacy than persons who had been treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy or a matched, untreated control group (Troy, Shallcross, Davis, & Mauss, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State Mindfulness During Meditation Predicts Enhanced Cognitive Reappraisal

et al. 2013

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Putatively, mindfulness meditation involves generation of a state of “nonappraisal”, yet, little is known about how mindfulness may influence appraisal processes. We investigated whether the state and practice of mindfulness could enhance cognitive reappraisal. Participants (N = 44; M age = 24.44, SD = 4.00, range 19 – 38, 82.2% female) were randomized to either 1) mindfulness, 2) suppression, or 3) mind-wandering induction training conditions. Cognitive reappraisal was assessed with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) prior to experimental induction, and state mindfulness was assessed immediately following induction using the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). Participants practiced their assigned strategy for one week and then were reassessed with the ERQ reappraisal subscale. Participants receiving mindfulness training reported significantly higher levels of state mindfulness than participants in the thought suppression and mind wandering conditions. Although brief mindfulness training did not lead to significantly greater increases in reappraisal than the other two conditions, state mindfulness during mindfulness meditation was prospectively associated with increases in reappraisal. Path analysis revealed that the indirect effect between mindfulness training and reappraisal was significant through state mindfulness. Degree of state mindfulness achieved during the act of mindfulness meditation significantly predicted increases in reappraisal over time, suggesting that mindfulness may promote emotion regulation by enhancing cognitive reappraisal.

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Cognitive and Affective Mechanisms Linking Trait Mindfulness to Craving Among Individuals in Addiction Recovery

Cited by 50 publications

References 66 publications

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement versus CBT for co-occurring substance dependence, traumatic stress, and psychiatric disorders: Proximal outcomes from a pragmatic randomized trial

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement versus CBT for co-occurring substance dependence, traumatic stress, and psychiatric disorders: Proximal outcomes from a pragmatic randomized trial

Mindfulness Broadens Awareness and Builds Eudaimonic Meaning: A Process Model of Mindful Positive Emotion Regulation

State Mindfulness During Meditation Predicts Enhanced Cognitive Reappraisal

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