Cognitive Impairment: Assessment With Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Weiß, U.; Bacher, R; Vonbank, Herbert; Kemmler, Georg; Lingg, Albert; Marksteiner, Josef

doi:10.4088/jcp.v64n0303

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…NAA/Cr and NAA/mI ratios discriminate AD from VaD, and glutamate/Cr ratios differentiate DLB from AD. Metabolic ratios are substantially lower in AD patients compared to VaD, but higher in widespread brain regions relative to DLB [53, 54]. Whilst MRS is able to study molecular processes in the brain non-invasively without exposure to ionizing radiation, this technique is limited by its low sensitivity [55].…”

Section: Advanced Mr Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

et al. 2018

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Research utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been crucial to the understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms behind and clinical identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MRI modalities show patterns of brain damage that discriminate AD from other brain illnesses and brain abnormalities that are associated with risk of conversion to AD from MCI and other behavioural outcomes. This review discusses the application of various MRI techniques to and their clinical usefulness in AD and MCI. MRI modalities covered include structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), arterial spin labelling (ASL), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and functional MRI (fMRI). There is much evidence supporting the validity of MRI as a biomarker for these disorders; however, only traditional structural imaging is currently recommended for routine use in clinical settings. Future research is needed to warrant the inclusion for more advanced MRI methodology in forthcoming revisions to diagnostic criteria for AD and MCI.

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Section: Advanced Mr Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

et al. 2018

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“…mI/tCr was found to be higher, and tNAA/tCr, lower, in patients with AD compared with those with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia. 79,80 It has been reported that there is a significant correlation between Mini-Mental State Examination score and tNAA/mI and tNAA/tCr in patients with AD but that patients with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia showed no correlations. 81 In 1 study of AD and frontotemporal dementia, tNAA/tCr was reduced in the posterior cingulate gyrus in both patients with AD and frontotemporal dementia; however, the patients with AD showed a posterior dominant decrease, whereas there was a frontal predominant decrease in the patients with frontotemporal dementia, 82 while another study found no significant metabolic differences between AD and frontotemporal dementia in the posterior cingulate gyrus.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Various MRS Application Tools for Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Gao

Barker

2014

American Journal of Neuroradiology

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SUMMARY MR spectroscopy is a noninvasive technique that allows the detection of several naturally occurring compounds (metabolites) from well-defined regions of interest within the human brain. Alzheimer disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. During the past 20 years, multiple studies have been performed on MR spectroscopy in patients with both mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. Generally, MR spectroscopy studies have found decreased N-acetylaspartate and increased myo-inositol in both patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease, with greater changes in Alzheimer disease than in mild cognitive impairment. This review summarizes the information content of proton brain MR spectroscopy and its related technical aspects, as well as applications of MR spectroscopy to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. While MR spectroscopy may have some value in the differential diagnosis of dementias and assessing prognosis, more likely its role in the near future will be predominantly as a tool for monitoring disease response or progression in treatment trials. More work is needed to evaluate the role of MR spectroscopy as a biomarker in Alzheimer disease and its relationship to other imaging modalities.

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“…Degenerative diseases: Most degenerative diseases share the fact of NAA decrease. In Alzheimer's disease the most frequent findings are the decrease of NAA levels and NAA/Cr ratios as well as increases of mI and mI/Cr ratios in cortical areas [47] . Furthermore this technique has proven useful to detect patients with isolated memory loss at high risk of conversion to Alzheimer's disease.…”

Section: White Matter Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Basis of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and its Application to Central Nervous System Diseases

Fayed¹,

Olmos²,

Morales³

et al. 2006

American J. of Applied Sciences

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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is based on the chemical shift property of the atom nuclei when a magnetic field is applied. This technique offers invaluable information about living tissues with special contribution to the diagnosis and prognosis of the central nervous system diseases. Concentration of several metabolites can be assessed in a reproducible manner by means of modern clinical scanners. N-acetyl-aspartate is regarded as a neuronal marker and its levels reflect the neuronal density with significant decreases in degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease. Cholinecompounds reflect the cell's membrane turnover and degradation. Myo-inositol has emerged as a glial marker with increases in degenerative diseases. The major usefulness of MRS has been reported in brain tumors, degenerative disorders, myelination defects and encephalopathies. In this review we report the physical basis and the contribution of MR spectroscopy to the diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases of the Central Nervous System.

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Cognitive Impairment: Assessment With Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

Various MRS Application Tools for Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Physical Basis of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and its Application to Central Nervous System Diseases

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