Cognitive Impairments and Self-Reported Sleep in Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease with Versus without Probable REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with cognitive and sleep impairments. The presence of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) symptoms may represent a worse disease prognosis for PD individuals. We investigated cognitive functioning and self-reported sleep in early-stage PD individuals with (n = 19) or without (n = 31) probable RBD. Probable RBD was defined as >5 on the REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire. Inhibition, visuospatial cognitive abilities, working memory, sustained visual attention, verbal fluency, and episodic memory were assessed. Sleep impairments were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System questionnaires. Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney U, and independent sample t-tests were employed to assess group differences. Participants with PD and probable RBD performed significantly worse on word reading and switching verbal fluency tasks than PD participants without probable RBD (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in mood, PD severity, or sleep measures between PD individuals with or without probable RBD. Cognitive tasks that involve verbal or switching components may be most impaired in PD individuals with probable RBD. Larger samples are needed to determine whether other cognitive domains and sleep features are significantly associated with RBD in PD.

Exploring the Predictors of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder for Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using Classifier Ensemble

“…Moreover, a partial dependence plot was presented for an input variable with the highest variable importance to visually confirm the tendency of marginal effects on the response variable. The function of partial dependence is presented in Equation (2).…”

“…Parkinson’s disease (PD) is defined as a neurodegenerative disease that shows distinctive motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor at rest, and postural instability. Although traditional PD diagnosis and treatment methods have been developed with focusing on these motor symptoms, recent studies tend to focus more on the non-motor symptoms of PD [ 1 ] because it has been reported that PD patients are highly likely to experience non-motor symptoms such as cognitive dysfunction, depression, and sleep behavior disorders [ 2 ].…”

Disrupted functional connectivity in PD with probable RBD and its cognitive correlates

“…Clinically, a recent meta-analysis shows that PD with vPSG confirmed RBD diagnosis and PD-pRBD are related to disease duration, increased Hoehn and Yahr stage, and higher Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part III score 10 . Moreover, PD-pRBD is associated with lower cognitive performance 11 , 12 , a higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment 13 , and faster cognitive decline 11 .…”

Application of Machine Learning Technique to Distinguish Parkinson’s Disease Dementia and Alzheimer’s Dementia: Predictive Power of Parkinson’s Disease-Related Non-Motor Symptoms and Neuropsychological Profile

“…However, it is difficult to conduct all the test tools suggested by level II in a short time in the clinical condition. In addition, it has been reported that the impaired neuropsychological functions of PD are influenced by factors such as depression, the severity of speech disorders, and REM sleep behavior disorders in addition to the time of onset and age [ 25 , 26 ]. Therefore, in order to develop a predictive model that can distinguish PDD from other dementia types, such as AD, it is necessary to evaluate and identify the predictive accuracy of the cognitive profile while considering the depression and REM sleep behavior disorders of PD.…”