Coherence: The Measurement and Application of Brain Connectivity

Decker, Scott L.; Fillmore, Paul; Roberts, Alycia M.

doi:10.15540/nr.4.1.3

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…to disrupt the greater functional connectivity between the DMN and subgenual prefrontal cortex seen in depression; [45]). In contrast, altering the functional connectivity in a healthy brain could plausibly produce undesirable activity rather than maintain healthy network coherence [46, 47]. Indeed, even in non-pathological participants, top-down interpretations of interoceptive events could cast physiological experiences (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelic microdosing benefits and challenges: an empirical codebook

et al. 2019

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Background Microdosing psychedelics is the practice of consuming very low, sub-hallucinogenic doses of a psychedelic substance, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or psilocybin-containing mushrooms. According to media reports, microdosing has grown in popularity, yet the scientific literature contains minimal research on this practice. There has been limited reporting on adverse events associated with microdosing, and the experiences of microdosers in community samples have not been categorized. Methods In the present study, we develop a codebook of microdosing benefits and challenges (MDBC) based on the qualitative reports of a real-world sample of 278 microdosers. Results We describe novel findings, both in terms of beneficial outcomes, such as improved mood (26.6%) and focus (14.8%), and in terms of challenging outcomes, such as physiological discomfort (18.0%) and increased anxiety (6.7%). We also show parallels between benefits and drawbacks and discuss the implications of these results. We probe for substance-dependent differences, finding that psilocybin-only users report the benefits of microdosing were more important than other users report. Conclusions These mixed-methods results help summarize and frame the experiences reported by an active microdosing community as high-potential avenues for future scientific research. The MDBC taxonomy reported here informs future research, leveraging participant reports to distil the highest-potential intervention targets so research funding can be efficiently allocated. Microdosing research complements the full-dose literature as clinical treatments are developed and neuropharmacological mechanisms are sought. This framework aims to inform researchers and clinicians as experimental microdosing research begins in earnest in the years to come. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12954-019-0308-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelic microdosing benefits and challenges: an empirical codebook

et al. 2019

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“…[16,17]. Distorted connectivity has been shown in various neurologic disorders compared to healthy controls [18]. EEG-NFB protocol has been tested in children with dyslexia [19], autistic spectrum disorder [20,21], patients with epilepsy [22], traumatic brain injury [23], brain stroke [24], and healthy individuals [25].…”

Section: Types Of Eeg-nfb Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the therapeutic neurofeedback method using electroencephalography: EEG Neurofeedback

Omejc

Rojc

Battaglini

et al. 2018

Bosn J of Basic Med Sci

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Electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) represents a broadly used method that involves a real-time EEG signal measurement, immediate data processing with the extraction of the parameter(s) of interest, and feedback to the individual in a real-time. Using such a feedback loop, the individual may gain better control over the neurophysiological parameters, by inducing changes in brain functioning and, consequently, behavior. It is used as a complementary treatment for a variety of neuropsychological disorders and improvement of cognitive capabilities, creativity or relaxation in healthy subjects. In this review, various types of EEG-NFB training are described, including training of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) and frequency and coherence training, with their main results and potential limitations. Furthermore, some general concerns about EEG-NFB methodology are presented, which still need to be addressed by the NFB community. Due to the heterogeneity of research designs in EEG-NFB protocols, clear conclusions on the effectiveness of this method are difficult to draw. Despite that, there seems to be a well-defined path for the EEG-NFB research in the future, opening up possibilities for improvement.

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“…They have been used for patients with epilepsy to increase their seizure threshold levels as well as an intervention for ADHD to improve attentional skills (Birbaumer, 1999;Mayer, Wyckoff & Strehl, 2012). Coherence-based neurofeedback aims to change the connectivity patterns between two or more brain regions defined by a given EEG channel layout (Decker, Fillmore & Roberts, 2017). Distorted connectivity has been shown to appear in several neurologic conditions such as epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and traumatic brain injuries, thus leading to the use of this EEG-NF modality in clinical practice (Walker & Kozlowski, 2005;Coben, Wright, Decker & Morgan, 2015;Rostami et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introduction What Is Neurofeedback?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time EEG Neurofeedback as a Tool to Improve Neural Entrainment to Speech

Molinaro

Lizarazu

2021

Preprint

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Neurofeedback represents a particular type of biofeedback whose aim is to teach self control of brain function by measuring brain activity and presenting a feedback signal in real time. Traditionally, neurofeedback has been used to complement interventions for various neuropsychological disorders through techniques like frequency training, which attempts to change the power ratio of certain EEG frequency bands. However, to date, there are no neurofeedback approaches that look directly into modulating the neural entrainment to speech. Speech-brain entrainment, which stands for the alignment of the neural activity to the envelope of the speech input, has been shown to be key to speech comprehension. In fact, atypical neural entrainment to speech seems to be consistently found in language development disorders such as dyslexia. Thus, making speech entrainment neurofeedback a promising technique to obtain behavioral improvements. In this work, we present the first open-source brain-computer interface system that can be reliably used to provide speech entrainment neurofeedback while still being flexible enough to deliver more traditional coherence-based neurofeedback. In addition, it has the potential of being an open-source alternative to deliver other types of neurofeedback if configured to do so.

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Coherence: The Measurement and Application of Brain Connectivity

Cited by 11 publications

References 78 publications

Psychedelic microdosing benefits and challenges: an empirical codebook

Psychedelic microdosing benefits and challenges: an empirical codebook

Review of the therapeutic neurofeedback method using electroencephalography: EEG Neurofeedback

Real-Time EEG Neurofeedback as a Tool to Improve Neural Entrainment to Speech

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