Coherent two-dimensional lasing action in surface-emitting laser with triangular-lattice photonic crystal structure

Abstract

Lasing action of a surface-emitting laser with a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure is investigated. The photonic crystal has a triangular-lattice structure composed of InP and air holes, which is integrated with an InGaAsP/InP multiple-quantum-well active layer by a wafer fusion technique. Uniform two-dimensional lasing oscillation based on the coupling of light propagating in six equivalent Γ−X directions is successfully observed, where the wavelength of the active layer is designed to match the folded (second-order) Γ point of the Γ−X direction. The very narrow divergence angle of far field pattern and/or the lasing spectrum, which is considered to reflect the two-dimensional stop band, also indicate that the lasing oscillation occurs coherently.

Bound states in the continuum

“…This makes them useful for many optical and photonic applications. In particular, the macroscopic size (on the centimeter scale or larger) and ease of fabrication make BICs in PhC slabs unique for large-area high-power applications such as lasers [214][215][216][217][218][219] , sensors 220,221 , and filters 222 .…”

“…Researchers first observed this effect via a suppression of radiation into the normal direction in a surface-emitting distributed feedback laser with onedimensional periodicity 58,59 . This led to PhC surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) that lase through BICs with two-dimensional periodicity 214,215 , followed by the realizations of various lasing patterns 216,217 , lasing at the blue-violet wavelengths 218 , and lasing with organic molecules 221 . The suppressed radiation at the normal direction means that a PCSEL can have a low lasing threshold but also with a limited output power.…”

Tunable and Memorable Optical Devices with One-Dimensional Photonic-Crystal/Liquid-Crystal Hybrid Structures

“…According to this characteristic, PCs can be of wide use; thus, various types of PCs have successively been proposed and devised for photonic applications. (Fleming & Lin, 1999;Imada et al, 1999;Knight, 2003;Krauss et al, 2000;Nelson et al, 2000;Park, 1999). If a defect layer is infiltrated in a PC to disrupt its periodicity, partial defect modes that allow the transmission of photons at specific wavelengths will be generated within the PBG.…”

Fabrication of two-dimensional close-packed shell structure in ceramic thin films

“…Recently, highly ordered two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures have attracted much attention because of their wide variety of potential applications related to catalysis [1], gas sensors [2], biosensors [3], photonic crystals [4], optoelectronic devices [5], microlens array [6] and surface self-cleaning materials [7].…”