Cohort Profile: The Public Health Data Asset, 2011 cohort

Nafilyan, Vahé; Bosworth, Matt; Morgan, Jasper; Ayoubkhani, Daniel; Dolby, Ted; Groom, Paul; Mills, Tom; Pooley, Justine; Tinsley, Jonathan

doi:10.1093/ije/dyad194

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We used data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Public Health Data Asset (PHDA), a linked dataset combining the 2011 Census, Office for National Statistics death registrations and electronic health records [11]. Diagnosis outcomes were sourced from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES).…”

Section: Study Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we used data from the Public Health Data Asset, a population-level dataset which combines the 2011 Census linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics (ONS) death registrations data [11] to create a linked dataset for the population of England to analyse cervical outcomes for women in England who were eligible for the first two years of catch-up HPV vaccination, and for three older birth cohorts who were not. We use a regression discontinuity design to estimate the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in preventing cervical disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the effectiveness of the HPV vaccination programme in England, using regression discontinuity design

Ward,

Bermingham,

Soldan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In England, the National human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation programme was introduced in 2008 to prevent cervical cancer. Girls aged 12 to 13 were offered routine vaccination, and those aged 14 to 18 years in 2008 were offered 'catch-up' vaccination. Using Census 2011, Hospital Episode Statistics and mortality data for the population of England, we exploit the cut-off in eligibility and apply a regression discontinuity design (RDD) to assess the impact of HPV vaccination on cervical disease. Vaccination reduced the incidence of cervical dysplasia and cancer diagnoses by 31% and 75% respectively at ages 23 to 30 years in girls offered catch-up vaccination at ages 17 to 18 years compared to those who were just above the eligibility age for the catch-up vaccination, with a clear discontinuity. Reductions continued amongst girls offered routine vaccination. These estimates obtained with a quasi-experimental approach are similar to vaccine effectiveness estimates based on more traditional approaches. This novel approach provides further evidence of the HPV vaccination programme reducing adverse cervical outcomes in young women and could be used for future studies to evaluate major changes in HPV vaccination policy and for studies of longer-term outcomes including other cancers and deaths.

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Section: Study Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effectiveness of the HPV vaccination programme in England, using regression discontinuity design

Ward,

Bermingham,

Soldan

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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Faltering mortality improvements at young-middle ages in high-income English-speaking countries

Timonin,

Leon,

Banks

et al. 2023

Preprint

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ObjectiveTo quantify mortality trends in six high-income English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, UK, USA) - including by age, sex, period, cohort and major cause - and compare them with other high-income countries (HICs).DesignPeriod and cohort analysis using population-level demographic data.Setting6 high-income Anglophone countries and the average for 14 other HICs.ParticipantsAll-cause mortality data from the Human Mortality Database (1970-2021) and cause-specific death counts from the WHO Mortality Database (2017-19), disaggregated by sex, age group and major cause of death.Main outcome measuresTrends in longevity measures (period life expectancy at birth, 0-50 years, and at age 50 years) and lifespan inequality were estimated for 1970-2021. The contribution of causes of death was measured by calculating life-years lost and decomposing differences in life expectancy between each Anglophone country and the average for other HICs in the pre-pandemic period. The impact of differential cohort survival on current differences in longevity was assessed by calculating the gap in truncated cross-sectional average length of life.ResultsHaving improved consistently from the 1970s, life expectancy in all English-speaking countries except Ireland stalled in the pre-pandemic decade, mainly due to stagnating or increasing mortality at young-middle ages. Relative to other HICs, those born in Anglophone countries since the 1970s experienced relative mortality disadvantage, largely attributable to injuries, including suicides, substance-related and cardiovascular mortality. In contrast, older cohorts enjoyed advantages for females in Australia and Canada and for males in all Anglophone countries except the USA.ConclusionsThe striking disadvantage of young adults in English-speaking countries relative to other HICs should be seen as an emerging and avoidable threat to efforts to improve health equity. Population health policies should be adapted to meet this challenge. Post-pandemic mortality and life expectancy trends in Anglophone countries require further monitoring.WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPICIn the decade before the Covid-19 pandemic, many high-income countries (HICs) experienced a slowdown in longevity improvements.The UK and especially the US have seen some of the most unfavourable trends in life expectancy in recent times.Socio-economic inequalities and the impact of austerity policies, the high prevalence of obesity and long-term cohort effects of smoking, together with an ongoing epidemic of opioid overdose mortality, are identified as the possible determinants of the adverse mortality trends in individual countries.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDSEach of the English-speaking countries, except for men in Ireland, has experienced a marked mortality disadvantage for those under 50 years (born since the early 1970s) relative to the average of other HICs.In 2017-19, losses in life expectancy at birth due to elevated mortality at younger ages relative to other HICs ranged from 0.15 years for Australian women to 2.06 years for US men.This contrasts with the generally better performance of the English-speaking countries at older ages, particularly for men.

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Epigenome-wide association study of pregnancy exposure to green space and placental DNA methylation

Aguilar-Lacasaña,

Cosin-Tomas,

Raimbault

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Maternal exposure to green space during pregnancy has been associated with lower risk for adverse birth outcomes; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), might be one of the molecular mechanisms contributing to this association. The placenta is the key organ for foetal growth and development, but studies of prenatal green space exposure and placental DNAm are scarce and have not been conducted on a genome-wide scale. Here, we aimed to investigate the association between exposure to green space during pregnancy and epigenome-wide placental DNAm. This study was conducted in 550 mother-child pairs from the Barcelona Life Study Cohort (BiSC), a population-based birth cohort in Spain (2018-2021). We comprehensively assessed green space exposure during pregnancy as (i) residential surrounding greenness (satellite-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in buffers of 100m, 300m and 500m), (ii) residential distance to the nearest major green space (meters), iii) use of green space (hours/week), and iv) visual access to greenery through home window (≥half of the view). Placental DNAm was measured with the EPIC array. To identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs), we fitted robust linear regression models adjusted for relevant covariates, while differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified using the dmrff method. After Bonferroni (BN) correction, cg14852540, annotated to SLC25A10 gene, was inversely associated with residential surrounding greenness within 500m buffer. Additionally, ten unique DMRs were associated with surrounding greenness within 300m and 500m, distance or visual access to green space. No associations were found for surrounding greenness within 100m or use of green space. Genes annotated to these loci are involved in transcriptional regulation, metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. Overall, we identified associations between prenatal green space exposure and DNAm levels in placenta. Further research is needed to validate these results and understand the underlying biological pathways.

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Cohort Profile: The Public Health Data Asset, 2011 cohort

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluating the effectiveness of the HPV vaccination programme in England, using regression discontinuity design

Evaluating the effectiveness of the HPV vaccination programme in England, using regression discontinuity design

Faltering mortality improvements at young-middle ages in high-income English-speaking countries

Epigenome-wide association study of pregnancy exposure to green space and placental DNA methylation

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