Coincidence point theorems for ball spaces
                    and their applications

Kuhlmann, Franz-Viktor; Kuhlmann, Katarzyna; Sonaallah, Fatma

doi:10.1090/conm/697/14054

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Missing Middle housing supply is in decline across North America. In the United States, MM housing production (defined as a building with 2-4 units) has been in steady decline since 1982 [23]. In Canada, the construction of MM housing types has declined significantly since the 1950s [24], when municipalities began enacting restrictive zoning by-laws favoring single-family homes [16,25,26].…”

Section: How and Why Is "Missing Middle" Housing Missing?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why Did the “Missing Middle” Miss the Train? An Actors-In-Systems Exploration of Barriers to Intensified Family Housing in Waterloo Region, Canada

Parker

Sharif

Webber

2023

Land

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(1) Background: Missing Middle (MM) housing may be critical to address decreasing housing affordability and to achieve critical density in transit-oriented neighborhoods; however, its production is in decline. We report on a case study of housing development around a new light-rail transit line in the Region of Waterloo, Canada, investigating the puzzle of how a residential building boom coincided with decreasing housing affordability. (2) Methods: Following participatory co-creation and communication of background research characterizing housing demand with stakeholder partners, we created a data narrative arguing that MM housing was desired by residents and profitable for developers and then used it to guide semi-structured interviews with planners and real estate industry stakeholders. Based on these interviews, we developed a qualitative system map and causal loop diagrams that demonstrate interactions between key actors (residents, brokers, planners, developers, and investors) as mediated by boundedly rational real estate demand expectations. (3) Results: Our interviews identify multi-faceted barriers, beyond demand perception, to MM housing development. Systems analysis illustrates how high-density, small-unit high-rise development can become locked in, concurrently locking out MM housing. (4) Conclusions: Our research identifies barriers to MM housing supply by articulating the systemic feedbacks between the planning and land/housing market realms and reveals key leverage points, empowering planners to develop policies that catalyze hoped-for housing market supply responses to increase housing affordability. Based on these findings, we suggest targeted interventions: multi-unit base residential zoning, MM site plan typologies, non-profit and co-op financing, unit-mix requirements, pre-build MM condo purchase by municipalities or non-profits, and MM demonstration projects.

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Section: How and Why Is "Missing Middle" Housing Missing?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally, these demonstration projects should be co-designed with end-users to ensure their market viability. Such demonstrations may be particularly important given the finding by the authors of [23] that new MM builds are more likely in neighborhoods with existing MM housing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Why Did the “Missing Middle” Miss the Train? An Actors-In-Systems Exploration of Barriers to Intensified Family Housing in Waterloo Region, Canada

Parker

Sharif

Webber

2023

Land

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“…In [2,3,4,5,6,7], ball spaces are studied in order to provide a general framework for fixed point theorems that in some way or the other work with contractive functions. A ball space (X, B) is a nonempty set X together with any nonempty collection of nonempty subsets of X.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chain intersection closures

Kubiś

Kuhlmann

2019

Topology and its Applications

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We study spherical completeness of ball spaces and its stability under expansions. We introduce the notion of an ultra-diameter, mimicking diameters in ultrametric spaces. We prove some positive results on preservation of spherical completeness involving ultra-diameters with values in narrow partially ordered sets. Finally, we show that in general, chain intersection closures of ultrametric spaces with partially ordered value sets do not preserve spherical completeness.MSC (2010): 06A06, 54A05.

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Coincidence point theorems for ball spaces and their applications

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Why Did the “Missing Middle” Miss the Train? An Actors-In-Systems Exploration of Barriers to Intensified Family Housing in Waterloo Region, Canada

Why Did the “Missing Middle” Miss the Train? An Actors-In-Systems Exploration of Barriers to Intensified Family Housing in Waterloo Region, Canada

Chain intersection closures

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