Coinfection, Altered Vector Infectivity, and Antibody-Dependent Enhancement: The Dengue–Zika Interplay

Abstract

Although dengue and Zika cocirculation has increased within the past 5 years, very little is known about its epidemiological consequences. To investigate the effect of dengue and Zika cocirculation on the spread of both pathogens, we create a deterministic dengue and Zika coinfection model, the first to incorporate altered infectivity of mosquitoes (due to coinfection). The model also addresses increased infectivity due to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) within the human population. Central to our analysis is the derivation and interpretation of the basic reproductive number and invasion reproductive number of both pathogens. In addition, we investigate how model parameters impact the persistence of each disease. Our results identify threshold conditions under which one disease facilitates the spread of the other and show that ADE has a greater impact on disease persistence than altered vector infectivity. This work highlights the importance of ADE and illustrates that while the endemic presence of dengue facilitates the spread of Zika, it is possible for high Zika prevalence to prevent the establishment of dengue. Keywords Invasion reproductive number • Copersistence • Zika • Dengue 1 Introduction With approximately 50-100 million cases annually, dengue is one of the most prevalent mosquito-borne diseases in the world (World Health Organization 2012). Over 40% of the world's population live in areas with high risk of dengue transmission and over B Omomayowa Olawoyin

Dengue and zika seropositivity, burden, endemicity, and cocirculation antibodies in Nigeria

“…The presence of IgG antibodies indicated that the participants were previously infected with DENV and ZIKV, as determined by immunoblot assay serology. IgG antibodies can be detected for years or even a lifetime [ 11 ]; therefore, in the current study, we could not determine when the study participants were infected with the two flaviviruses.…”

“…The antibody seropositivity against DEN and ZIKV was high, but almost the same across HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. These findings seem ambiguous, but the most valid explanation could be that most of the study participants were women, which could be attributed to the health-seeking behaviours of women and the strict adherence to antiretroviral medication among HIV-positive individuals and routine antenatal care during pregnancy [ 11 ], as most of the study participants from the three regions were recruited from the antiretroviral and antenatal units of tertiary healthcare centres.…”

Stability and Sensitivity Analysis of Dengue-Malaria Co-Infection Model in Endemic Stage

“…Therefore, the feasible solution of dengue-malaria model is given by 11 + } Thus, the solution of dengue-malaria model is bounded in D.…”

“…Ref. [11] proposed a co-infection of altered vector infectivity and antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue-zika interplay. Ref.…”

System-oriented optimization of multi-target 2,6-diaminopurine derivatives: Easily accessible broad-spectrum antivirals active against flaviviruses, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2

“…An additional problem with flavivirus infections is represented by coinfections, not only by different viruses in the same family (e.g. DENV/ZIKV [ 8 , 9 ]), but also by different virus families (e.g. DENV/SARS-CoV-2 [ 10 , 11 ] or DENV/influenza [ 12 ]), which creates immune response disorders, confusion in diagnosis and delays in treatment, leading to additive or synergistic morbidities [ 13 , 14 ].…”