Cold Atmospheric Plasma Improves Shear Bond Strength of Veneering Composite to Zirconia

Abstract

Chipping of veneering is the most common clinical complication for zirconia restorations. Veneering composite could be a promising alternative to renew restorations. Zirconia discs (3-YSZ) were prepared with varying surface treatments and bonded to indirect composite as follows: air abrasion and Scotchbond Universal (A/SU); air abrasion and Clearfil Ceramic Primer (A/C); air abrasion and MKZ Primer (A/M); air abrasion and Monobond Plus (A/MP); silica-coating and Scotchbond Universal (S/SU); air abrasion (AP/SU), additional cold atmospheric plasma treatment, and Scotchbond Universal. An indirect composite material was then applied to the zirconia specimens. Specimens were divided into subgroups for short-term (14 days storage at 37 °C and 5000 thermal cycles) and long-term (250 days storage and 37,500 thermal cycles) artificial aging. Shear bond strength measurement (SBS) was performed, and data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis-test and multiple comparison testing with Dunn`s correction (p ≤ 0,05). The median SBS values (MPa) of short- and long-term artificial aging were: 3.09/1.36 (A/SU); 0.77/1.43 (S/SU); 2.82/2.15 (AP/SU); 1.97/1.80 (A/C); 2.01/1.58 (A/M); and 1.70/1.68 (A/MP). For short-term artificial aging A/SU showed the highest median SBS values, whereas in the long-term trial, AP/SU showed the highest values and the difference was significant. A prolonged artificial aging decreased SBS in all groups, except S/SU. In summary, treatment with CAP can improve SBS in the long-term.

Effect of adhesive system, resin cement, heat-pressing technique, and thermomechanical aging on the adhesion between titanium base and a high-performance polymer

“…Other surface treatments for PEEK that resulted in comparable or higher bond strength values included the use of cold atmospheric plasma and an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser. 14,21 These methods were not available for the present study, and because the bond strength reported in those studies were in a range similar to that of alumina airborne-particle abrasion, the PEEK specimens and Ti-bases were pretreated by using alumina airborne-particle abrasion for standardization. Airborne-particle abrasion has been recommended for both bonding on PEEK and bonding on Ti-bases to obtain surfaces with improved adhesive properties.…”

“…24 Furthermore, the primers and resin cements used in the present study to bond the PEEK specimens to Ti-bases have been reported to provide durable bond strength values, even after artificial aging. 14 With regard to the adhesive systems for Ti-bases, one of the most widely used adhesive systems (Monobond Plus) and the adhesive system recommended by the PEEK manufacturer (MKZ primer) were used. 11,21 However, the authors are unaware of studies using either DTK adhesive or Multilink hybrid abutment to bond PEEK to Ti-bases, suggesting the lack of knowledge on bonding of PEEK on Ti-bases.…”

“…9 The selection of an adhesive system is as important as the micromechanical surface topography in establishing a strong bond between PEEK polymers and composite resins. [12][13][14] Successful bonding to PEEK has been credited, in part, to the content and solvents found in the adhesive systems. Adhesive systems containing methylmethacrylate (MMA) were reported to provide durable micromechanical interlocking and a potential chemical bond between PEEK and resin.…”

The applications of cold atmospheric plasma in dentistry

“…Additionally, it has been investigated for its potential application in the preparation and treatment of cavities, composite restorations, root canal disinfection, functionalization of dental implant surfaces, disinfection, decontamination, and sterilization of dental instruments. [8][9][10][11][12][13] CAP has emerged as a prospective dental treatment option [14] due to its noninvasive nature, lack of chemical residue, and vibration. [4,15] It is now possible to apply CAP to heat-sensitive biological materials, such as tissue, thanks to recent developments in devices that produce CAP.…”

“…CAP has emerged as a prospective dental treatment option [ 14 ] due to its noninvasive nature, lack of chemical residue, and vibration. [ 4,15 ] It is now possible to apply CAP to heat‐sensitive biological materials, such as tissue, thanks to recent developments in devices that produce CAP.…”