Cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets: Interaction with plasmid DNA and tailored electron heating using dual-frequency excitation

Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas on Isolated and Cellular DNA—A Review

“…In order to estimate the effect of APPs on isolated DNA molecules, the two most common techniques used are agarose gel electrophoresis [ 12 , 29 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ] and molecular combing [ 59 , 60 , 61 ].…”

“…In order to study APP effects on the formation of strand breaks in DNA under more realistic conditions, plasmid DNA was resuspended in the following buffers: PBS (phosphate buffered saline, which contains sodium chloride and sodium phosphate) [ 29 , 45 , 51 , 52 ], and TE (tris-EDTA) [ 52 , 56 ]. Two water and PBS comparison studies of plasmid DNA degradation reported contradictory results [ 29 , 52 ], which may be due to different buffer concentrations.…”

“…Two parameters influence gas composition in APP, input power and the type of discharge gas [ 59 ]. Most of the studies of APP effects on DNA were performed using a pure inert gas (e.g., He [ 12 , 47 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 59 ] or Ar [ 60 , 61 ]), or an inert gas with O, NO, or an air admixture (e.g., He/O 2 [ 45 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ], Ar/air [ 48 ] and He/O 2 /NO [ 62 ]). The most dominant emission bands observed in optical spectra of an APP zone corresponded to excited chemically nonreactive N 2 , N 2 + , and He species.…”

“…O’Connell et al [ 52 ] and Niemi et al [ 51 ] correlated the formation of DSBs with atomic oxygen density. The authors measured rates for SSB and DSB formation as a function of absolute atomic oxygen density formed in the core of the plasma bulk.…”

Influence of O2or H2O in a plasma jet and its environment on plasma electrical and biochemical performances

“…Further, some studies [21][22][23][24] have been performed using a shielding gas (gas curtain) around the plasma jet, and reported that shielding gas could be used to control the reactive species in the plasma jet. Among the various plasma species, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in increasing the level of DNA damage [25][26][27]. Interestingly, the addition of a moderate amount of oxygen or water vapor to the feed gas and plasma jet environment may increase ROS production in the plasma [10].…”