Cold Hardening and Dehardening Responses in Winter Wheat and Winter Barley

Pomeroy, M. Keith; Andrews, C. J.; Fedak, George

doi:10.4141/cjps75-079

Cited by 58 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The promotive effect of flooding on subsequent resistance to icing damage was only partially reversed by freezing stress, suggesting that autumn or winter flooding ofwinter wheat might have a positive effect on survival in ice, even if plants also were exposed to relatively low sub-freezing temperatures. The deleterious effects of prolonged exposure to increasingly severe sub-freezing temperatures was not unexpected since previous studies have shown that prolonged exposure to temperatures approach- ing the LD50 rapidly kills winter cereals (10,20), but that mild sub-freezing conditions are not harmful (15,20). The changes in crown moisture levels observed after various stress treatments support the view that reductions in water content are closely associated with the hardening process in winter cereals but that changes in moisture do not necessarily alter cold hardiness (5,8,13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among Flooding, Freezing, and Ice Encasement in Winter Wheat

Gao¹,

Andrews²,

Pomeroy³

1983

Plant Physiol.

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Exposure of winter wheat ( Triticwn aestivum L.) to various combitions of flooding and freezing stresses induces much greater damage than the individual stresses. Cold-hardened plants flooded for 1 week or exposed to -6°C for 1 week show 100% survival, while survival of plants exposed to both stresses simultaneously is reduced by 20 to 30%, and cold hardiness decreases by several degrees. The level of nonstructural carbohydrates increases in crown tissue during cold acclimation, but decreases when the plants are exposed to flooding or to -6°C for 1 week. The respiratory capacity of crown tissue segments declines when the plants are sbessed. Uptake of MRb by the roots of intact seedlns declines after exposure to either freezing or flooding, whereas passive efflux of amino acids is observed after freezing but not folowing flooding. This study has shown that detectable stress-induced metabolic changes occur in winter wheat before the applied stress is severe enough to reduce survival.The precise nature of overwintering damage to winter cereals is not well understood. Overwintering cereals are frequently exposed to a number of adverse environmental stresses, including subfreezing temperatures, low-temperature flooding, and ice encasement, which singly or in combination may be lethal. In geographical areas where mid-winter temperatures are extremely low and snow cover is sparse, plants may be killed directly by low temperature. In areas where winter rains or unseasonable thaws occur, refreezing of fully hydrated plants may cause severe injury (15). The damaging effect of ice encasement (2, 18) and flooding at low temperature (19) on survival of winter cereals also has been well documented. Recent studies (5), however, have demonstrated that icing tolerance of winter wheat is increased significantly by a flooding pretreatment at low temperature.Exposure of winter cereals to various low-temperature environmental stresses results in major changes in physiological and metabolic processes. Metabolites of anaerobic respiration, such as ethanol, CO2, and lactic acid accumulate in tissues of winter cereals during ice encasement (1,4,18,21) and flooding at low temperature (7,19). 02 consumption of tissue segments and mitochondria from ice-encased seedlings declines more slowly than the decline in seedling viability (3,18 'To whom reprint requests should be forwarded.flooding (19). Membrane permeability to amino acids and salts increases markedly during ice encasement or exposure to CO2 and ethanol at -1°C (4).These studies have greatly increased our knowledge of the effects of individual stresses on physiological and biochemical processes in winter cereals, but little is known about many of the interactions among these stresses. This paper reports the effect of various combinations of low temperature flooding, freezing, and icing on stress resistance and cellular processes of Fredrick winter wheat. After 4 and 7 weeks of cold acclimation, groups of flats were removed from the growth cabinet and the leaves were trimmed...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among Flooding, Freezing, and Ice Encasement in Winter Wheat

Gao¹,

Andrews²,

Pomeroy³

1983

Plant Physiol.

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“…or fewer (Olien 1964;Rammelt 1972;Andrews et al 1974a;Pomeroy and Fowler 1973;Pomeroy et al 1975) have observed at most small responses and have not considered the loss of hardiness to be important.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Long Exposure to Low Temperatures on the Cold Hardiness of Sprouting Wheat in the Dark

Roberts¹

1985

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Ronenrs, D. W. A. 1985. The effect of long exposure to low temperatures on the cold hardiness of sprouting wheat in the dark. Can. J. Plant Nine cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ranging from very cold hardy to tender were sprouted in vermiculite at 0.5-1.0"C for 7 wk in the dark and then placed at 0.5'C, -2.5"C, -5'C, -7.5'C, or -10"C for up to 20 wk. Plants held at 0.5'C progressively lost hardiness. Little change occurred in the hardiness of plants moved to -2.5"C. There was apparently a small initial increase in hardiness after transfer to -5"C or -7.5"C followed by a decline in hardiness. Plants transferred to -l0'C lost hardiness progressively after transfer. These les gardant i des temp6ratures de 0,5 e 1,0"C pendant sept semaines, puis on les a placds i 0,5"C, -2,5"C, -7,5oC ou e -10'C pendant vingt semaines au maximum. Les plants conserv6s d 0,5'C ont perdu progressivement leur r6sistance au froid.Iln'yaeugudredechangementsdanslar6sistancedesplantsplacdsd -2,5"C.

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“…Furthermore, plants, exposed to de-hardening conditions shortly after being cold-acclimated, readily reharden to their original hardiness level (Pomeroy et al 1975;Gusta and Fowler 1976). There is also evidence that suggests that winter wheats have the capacity to reharden in the spring after declining slowly in hardiness over winter (Andrews et al 197 4) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Les collets de Fully hardened winter cereals readily de-harden upon exposure to warm temperatures (Pomeroy et al 1975;Gusta and Fowler 1976). Furthermore, plants, exposed to de-hardening conditions shortly after being cold-acclimated, readily reharden to their original hardiness level (Pomeroy et al 1975;Gusta and Fowler 1976).…”

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confidence: 99%