Cold Plasma as an Innovative Construction Method of Voltammetric Biosensor Based on Laccase

Abstract

Development of new, faster methods of biosensor construction is a huge challenge for current science and industry. In this work, biosensor construction was carried out using a new soft plasma polymerization (SPP) method in which a bio-recognition layer of laccase enzyme was polymerized and bonded to a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) substrate under atmospheric pressure with a corona discharge jet. Laccase belongs to the oxidoreductase enzyme group with four copper atoms in its active center. Application of the corona SPP plasma method allows reduction of the time needed for biosensor construction from several hours to minutes. The presented work includes optimization of the laccase bio-recognition layer deposition time, structural studies of the deposited laccase layer, as well as study of the fabricated biosensor applicability for the determination of Rutin in real pharmaceutical samples. This method produces a biosensor with two linear ranges from 0.3 μmol/dm3 to 0.5 μmol/dm3 and from 0.8 μmol/dm3 to 16 μmol/dm3 of Rutin concentration. Results shown in this work indicate that application of the one-step, corona SPP method enables biosensor construction with comparable analytical parameters to biosensors fabricated by conventional, multi-step, wet methods.

Deposition of Cell Culture Coatings Using a Cold Plasma Deposition Method

“…Characterization of the Plasma Discharge. The current and voltage measurements were consistent with previous descriptions of nonthermal helium plasma discharges at atmospheric pressure [24,27]. As shown in Figure 3, the applied power was provided as a pulsed discharge with a damped pseudo-sinusoidal wave form.…”

Experimental Characterization of Polymer Surfaces Subject to Corona Discharges in Controlled Atmospheres

“…On the other hand, the available literature on the study of the effects of plasma treatments on polymers is rather large. For instance, studies on the modification of the surface properties of polymeric materials in several fields have been performed employing dielectric barrier discharges, plasma jets, glow discharges [23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33], and plasma polymerization [34,35,36]. Despite this, the operating conditions (discharge power, pressure, etc.)…”

Direct Exposure of Dry Enzymes to Atmospheric Pressure Non-Equilibrium Plasmas: The Case of Tyrosinase

“…The research in this field has received renewed impetus in recent years due to the development of atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma technology, which represents nowadays a new avenue for surface processing of materials with reduced costs and easy-to-handle apparatuses, even under open air conditions [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Novel strategies have been proposed for enzyme immobilization.…”

“…It has been also demonstrated that, due to their remote operation, atmospheric pressure plasma jets offer a unique tool towards enzyme immobilization under soft reactive conditions [33]. Indeed, they can afford the desired surface modification with easier, faster, and more cost-effective plasma processes [27,[32][33][34]. Moreover, considerable efforts have been devoted to investigate the direct interaction of AP non-equilibrium plasmas with various biomolecules (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids) both in the dry state and in aqueous solutions, focusing on many different biomedical, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical applications [28,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”