Cold sintered composites consisting of PEEK and metal oxides with improved electrical properties via the hybrid interfaces

Si, Mingming; Guo, Jing; Hao, Jianyu; Zhao, Xuetong; Randall, Clive A.; Wang, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109349

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…28 Due to the ultralow sintering temperature, CSP is feasible to fabricate multi-material systems, such as ceramic-polymer, ceramic-2D material, and ceramicmetal composites. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Moreover, the low sintering temperature and short holding time can effectively inhibit the exaggerated grain growth, indicating that CSP has great application potential in the preparation of nanome-ter or submicron functional ceramics. At present, CSP has successfully applied in microwave dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, target material, lithium battery, thermoelectric, and optical material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with other sintering methods, it dramatically reduces the energy consumption, which is only 1/10–1/100 of that for TTS process 28 . Due to the ultralow sintering temperature, CSP is feasible to fabricate multi‐material systems, such as ceramic–polymer, ceramic‐2D material, and ceramic–metal composites 29–36 . Moreover, the low sintering temperature and short holding time can effectively inhibit the exaggerated grain growth, indicating that CSP has great application potential in the preparation of nanometer or submicron functional ceramics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid low‐temperature sintering processes of electro‐ceramics

Li,

Fu,

et al. 2023

J Am Ceram Soc.

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Cold sintering process (CSP) developed recently has attracted much attention due to the ultralow sintering temperatures and high efficiencies with the assist of transient liquid phase (TLP). Based on CSP, we have further established a protocol for low‐temperature sintering processes by combining TLP with other sintering technologies, including hybrid sintering process with microwave and TLP (MW‐TLP), and hybrid sintering process with spark plasma sintering and TLP (SPS‐TLP). Three typical electro‐ceramics (TiO2, CaWO4, and ZnO) are selected, which are highly densified (>97%) with excellent electrical properties at reduced sintering temperatures, applied pressures or holding times, demonstrating the feasibility of MW‐TLP and SPS‐TLP in fabricating electro‐ceramics. Especially, the Q × f value of TiO2 ceramics (38,020 GHz) prepared by MW‐TLP at 1000°C is 46.2% and 23.4% higher than that of microwave and spark plasma sintered samples, respectively, and comparable to traditional thermal sintered (TTS) samples at 1300–1400°C. The dielectric properties of MW‐TLP CaWO4 ceramics sintered at 900°C for 2 h are comparable to TTS samples sintered at 1000–1300°C for 2–5 h. ZnO ceramics can be highly densified (∼98%) by SPS‐TLP with mild sintering conditions (200–300°C and 3.8–50 MPa) compared to SPS (>500°C) and CSP (>100 MPa). The frameworks of fundamental mechanisms are outlined together with the experimental data. It is expected that this work will provide promising sintering methods to fabricate electro‐ceramics and offer inspirations on sintering combinations to develop low‐temperature sintering processes with high efficiencies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid low‐temperature sintering processes of electro‐ceramics

Li,

Fu,

et al. 2023

J Am Ceram Soc.

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“…Grain boundaries act as interfaces separating two homogeneous crystalline phases within polycrystalline systems such as ceramics, metals, or organic crystals [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The chemical properties and physical structures of the grain boundaries have significant impacts on the performances of both structural and functional materials [ 4 , 5 ]. Consequently, the manipulation of grain boundary structures was widely used to design new ceramic materials or improve their electrical and mechanical properties [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhao et al [41] reported that ZnO-PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) composites could be designed based on CSP and densified at a low temperature of 285 • C. Furthermore, PTFE was also used to modulate the microstructure and electrical properties of other ceramics such as SiO 2 [42] and BaTiO 3 [43], based on CSP. Recently, Si et al successfully integrated the thermoplastic polymer of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) with some nanoscale metal oxides into ZnO ceramic using CSP [5]. The ZnO-PEEK-oxide composite presents a switch-like effect which refers to high resistance state under a low electric field, and low resistance state under a high electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Sintered ZnO Ceramic Composites Co-Doped with Polytetrafluoroethylene and Oxides

Xiao,

Yang,

Kang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Grain boundaries play a significant role in determining the performance of ceramic-based materials. The modulation of interfacial structures provides a promising approach to improve the physicochemical and electrical properties of ceramic materials. In this work, the grain boundary structures of ZnO-based ceramics were manipulated by incorporating polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and metal oxides through the cold sintering process (CSP). It was found that the grain size of ZnO-based ceramics can be effectively reduced from 525.93 nm to 338.08 nm with an addition of PTFE and metal oxides of CoO and Mn2O3. Microstructural results show that most of the PTFE phase and metal oxides were distributed along the grain boundaries, which may lead to the increased grain boundary resistance from 1.59 × 106 ohm of pure ZnO to 6.21 × 1010 ohm of ZnO-based ceramics doped with PTFE and metal oxides, and enhanced Schottky barrier height from 0.32 eV to 0.59 eV. As a result, the breakdown field and nonlinear coefficient of the ZnO-based ceramics were improved to 3555.56 V/mm and 13.55, respectively. Therefore, this work indicates that CSP presents a feasible approach to design functional ceramic composites through the integration of polymer and metal oxides.

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“…With the assist of capillary force together with external force (MPa), the particles diffuse to locations with a lower chemical potential, and dense ceramics are formed with the removal of porosity. The mild sintering condition provides an opportunity for the cosintering of ceramics with other materials, such as polymers [24][25][26], and 2D materials [27]. It is anticipated that ceramics can be co-sintered with C60 using cold sintering process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%