Cold-start emissions from petrol and diesel vehicles according to the emissions regulations (from Euro 92 to Euro 2000)

Morphology and size of the particles emitted from a gasoline-direct-injection-engine vehicle and their ageing in an environmental chamber

“…Peng et al (2014) found similar timescales for black-carbon transformation under polluted conditions in Beijing. The rapid ageing of primary particles could be caused by several factors, such as the concentration of gaseous pollutants from the vehicles, strength of solar radiation, relative humidity (RH), and O 3 concentration (Guo et al, 2012;Deng et al, 2017;Du et al, 2018). The present experiments were conducted in the atmosphere with relative humidity of approximately 50 % and solar radiation of 318 W m −2 .…”

Mesoscale modeling of the impacts of congestion and ITS measures on vehicle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions over urban road networks

“…In general, cold-start excess emissions can be subdivided into two parts: a) excess emissions due to the starting of the engine and b) excess emissions during the warming-up process of the engine and the catalyst. Many researchers (Laurikko, 1998;Ludykar et al, 1999;Cotte et al, 2001;Andre & Joumard, 2005;Weilenmann et al, 2005;Dardiotis et al, 2012;Bielaczyc et al, 2013) Significant amounts of data and research results are available for the first five parameters, while suitable data for stop time analysis are relatively rare since the measurement procedures required for such investigations are time-consuming and quite expensive. Previous stop time investigation results have been presented in Sabate (1996), Hammarström (2002), Andre & Joumard (2005), and Favez et al (2009).…”