“…Carr, Hawkins, and Westberg, 2017;Luo, 2002;Yeniyurt, and Carnovale, 2017), franchising (e.g. McDonnell, Beatson, and Huang, 2011;Terry and Di Lernia, 2013;Kremez et al, 2020), clusters (e.g. Najib and Kiminami, 2011;Schröder, 2014;Scheffi et al, 2019), consortium (e.g.…”