Collaborative Modeling to Assess Drought Resiliency of Snow‐Fed River Dependent Communities in the Western United States: A Case Study in the Truckee‐Carson River System

Abstract

Abstract:Assessing the drought resilience of snow-fed river dependent communities in the arid Western United States has taken on critical importance in response to changing climatic conditions. The process of assessing drought resiliency involves understanding the extent to which snow-fed dependent communities can absorb the effects of uncertain and variable water supplies while acknowledging and encouraging their capacity for adaptation. Participatory research approaches are particularly well suited to assess resiliency in this context because they rely upon local water managers' knowledge and perspectives. The research presented here provides measured insight into local water managers' perceptions of drought resiliency in the Truckee-Carson River System in northwestern Nevada. These findings are reported in the context of the collaborative modeling research design developed for this case study. The objectives of this study are: (1) to define resiliency and present a rationale for a participatory approach to assess drought resiliency in snow-fed arid river basins in the Western United States; (2) to outline collaborative modeling as a participatory research design developed for the Truckee-Carson River System case study area; (3) to describe the development and implementation of a resiliency assessment undertaken to implement this research design; (4) to highlight selected results of the assessment, summarizing interviews with 66 water managers in the case study area; (5) to discuss the use of assessment findings to inform collaborative modeling toward adaptation strategies; and (6) to review lessons learned to date from the collaborative modeling case study and note opportunities for further exploration. According to water managers surveyed, climate change is very important and is mobilizing adaptation strategies that include improvements in communication and coordination with other water managers, monitoring and data collection, and planning. The majority of water managers indicate that future adaptation requires modifying institutionalized water management regimes to allow for temporary water leasing programs, water right stacking on the most productive agricultural lands while fallowing marginal lands, incentivizing water conservation, reducing or eliminating residential landscaping, and recruiting less water intensive industry to the region.

Adapting to Variable Water Supply in the Truckee-Carson River System, Western USA

“…The locally identified adaptation strategies in the Truckee-Carson River System case study reported here are informing the selection of adaptation measures to be simulated using a suite of hydrologic and operational models tailored to this river system [51,95]. To date, these adaptation measures focus on alternative water management strategies to enhance supply and include: reoperating federally managed Truckee River reservoirs to enhance surface water storage under earlier snowmelt regimes [96], constructing a reservoir in the Carson River headwaters to store snowmelt for downstream agricultural irrigation [97], and exploring managed aquifer recharge in the Carson Valley through off-season/winter irrigation in agricultural areas [98].…”

“…As mentioned, this qualitative interview study is part of a larger collaborative modeling research design implemented in the Truckee-Carson River System case study area [51]. Briefly, this project relies on iterative interaction with 12 water managers, each representing large numbers of individual water users that comprise the primary and diverse water uses geographically distributed from the headwaters to the system terminus [45,47,51,73].…”

“…Briefly, this project relies on iterative interaction with 12 water managers, each representing large numbers of individual water users that comprise the primary and diverse water uses geographically distributed from the headwaters to the system terminus [45,47,51,73]. Figure 2 illustrates the research design, including the location on the river system of the 12 water management organizations.…”

“…The 12 water managers represent sufficiently diverse water use in this case study area distributed by location across the river system, from headwaters to terminus (i.e., Truckee River, Carson River, below Truckee Canal in the Newlands Irrigation Project, and system-wide) [51,79]. To examine responses by water use and location on the river system, interview data were aggregated as belonging to one of four types of water use: municipal and industrial, agricultural, environmental, and regulatory.…”

“…This paper reports the results of an analysis of qualitative data collected as part of a larger collaborative modeling research project in the Truckee-Carson River System case study area [51]. Face-to-face interviews conducted with local water managers illuminate how local water managers are adapting to consecutive years of warmer drought conditions.…”