Collapse shake-table testing of a clay-URM building with chimneys

Kallioras, Stylianos; Correia, António A.; Graziotti, Francesco; Penna, Andrea; Magenes, Guido

doi:10.1007/s10518-019-00730-0

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Fluctuations in the a 1,W ‐ θ 1,W curves of all specimens are almost certainly associated with higher mode or second‐order effects rather than a vertical motion effect on the wall strength. Such phenomena have also been observed in previous unidirectional shake‐table tests (e.g., in Refs 27,28 . and the earliest experiments by Costley and Abrams 51 ).…”

Section: Test Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Effects of vertical ground motions on the dynamic response of URM structures: Comparative shake‐table tests

Kallioras

Graziotti

Penna

et al. 2021

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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This paper discusses the results of an experimental study aimed at evaluating the influence of the vertical ground motion component on the seismic performance of unreinforced brick-masonry buildings. The research was motivated by post-earthquake observations of significant structural damage in the vicinity of the fault, where horizontal and vertical ground motions are often strong and synchronized. Vertical accelerations can fluctuate gravity loads, which control the in-plane lateral load capacity of masonry piers and affect the out-of-plane overturning stability of thin walls. Such phenomena seem not to be sufficiently explained in existing literature, while experimental evidence is undoubtedly missing. Here, the damage potential of vertical accelerations was investigated through a series of multidirectional shake-table tests on full-scale structures under simulated near-source ground motions of increasing intensity. The experiments comprised three nominally identical building specimens subjected to the principal horizontal component alone, the horizontal component combined with the vertical one, and the full three-component ground motion. The buildings included structural/nonstructural elements (e.g., gables, chimneys, and parapets) sensitive to gravity load variations due to their low axial loads. Two different sets of three-component earthquake records were employed to assess the effects of both tectonic and induced seismicity scenarios. Overall, the vertical earthquake motion did not cause appreciable differences in the behavior of the buildings. Any influence on the strength and peak response of structural/nonstructural walls was marginal and non-systematic. Data and observations from these experiments add substantially to our understanding of the vertical acceleration effects on masonry structures.

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Section: Test Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Effects of vertical ground motions on the dynamic response of URM structures: Comparative shake‐table tests

Kallioras

Graziotti

Penna

et al. 2021

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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“…first floor, roofline, top of the tall chimney) and locations of the southern squat wall (top) and tall chimney are compared, the AEM model was able to capture the measured deformations during the main testing phases (i.e. SC2-350% to SC2-500%, characterised by moderate to heavy damage (see Kallioras et al 2020)…”

Section: Shake-table Test Simulation and Summary Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As stated by the researchers who conducted the test (i.e. Kallioras et al 2020), LNEC-BUILD3 was not necessarily intended to replicate the characteristics of an actual building, but rather to incorporate several main features of typical pre-1940 detached houses of the Groningen area (reported in the following), with a view to obtain multiple different insights from the response of the various sub-structures constituting the specimen. In terms of numerical analysis, this undoubtedly represents a unique opportunity to test the influence of different computational strategies at both local and global levels of various structural sub-systems, built in the same time period by the same masons, and tested simultaneously under the same loading conditions.…”

Section: Brief Description Of the Shake-table-tested Urm Building Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shake-table response simulation of a URM building specimen using discrete micro-models with varying degrees of detail

Calò

Malomo

Gabbianelli

et al. 2021

Bull Earthquake Eng

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Recent technological advances have enabled earthquake engineering researchers to develop numerical models of increasing complexity, capable of duly reproducing even the smallest structural detail. In the case of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures, however, because of their discrete and heterogeneous nature, computational performance tends to decrease exponentially as a function of the adopted refinement level, thus confining the applicability of advanced micro-models, according to which each masonry unit is typically modelled separately, to reduced-scale problems. To enable their use at a building scale, and benefit from considering simultaneously out-of-plane failures, local wall-diaphragm interaction and collapses, researchers often need to decrease the level of detail of specific members or sub-structures. In the current literature, however, the influence of the abovementioned simplifications on the quality of micro-modelling predictions has been only marginally investigated so far, while code-based guidelines are missing. To start addressing such knowledge gap, the dynamic response of a shake-table-tested full-scale URM building specimen has been simulated in this work using a very detailed micro-model, and the results obtained were then compared with those of nominally identical models in which, however, the idealisation of some specific structural elements has been purposely simplified. Aimed at further extending the impact of this study, pushover analyses were also performed using the same models. Preliminary outcomes, which may serve as a reference to develop more informed, effective and targeted multi-scale micro-modelling strategies in the future, indicate that: (i) maximum base shear predictions tend to be less impacted by the introduction of modelling simplifications, (ii) despite requiring more labour, the explicit representation of the brickwork pattern generally led to better results in terms of predicted damage propagation, failure mechanisms and displacement capacity, (iii) using equivalent membranes, as opposed to modelling each component of timber diaphragms, provided acceptable results, making it a plausible alternative for practical applications of micro-modelling approaches.

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“…Another important aspect is the identification of damage levels and the corresponding limit states. According to the codes, the definition of limit states is based on drift values associated with the failure mechanism at the building scale, which can be unconservative [36,38,67,68]. To overcome this issue, a multiscale approach, combining global and microelement scale behavior, was suggested by [48], particularly for buildings with an intermediate or flexible diaphragm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Overview on the Nonlinear Static Procedures and Performance-Based Approach on Modern Unreinforced Masonry Buildings with Structural Irregularity

Aşıkoğlu¹,

Vasconcelos²,

Lourénço³

2021

Buildings

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Performance-based design plays a significant role in the structural and earthquake engineering community to ensure both safety and economic feasibility. Its application to masonry building design/assessment is limited and requires straightforward rules considering the characteristics of masonry behavior. Nonlinear static procedures mainly cover regular frame system structures, and their application to both regular and irregular masonry buildings require further investigation. The present paper addresses two major issues: (i) the definition of irregularity in masonry buildings, and (ii) the applicability of classical nonlinear static procedures to irregular masonry buildings. It is observed that the irregularity definition is not comprehensive and has different descriptions among the seismic codes as well as among researchers, particularly in the case of masonry buildings. The lack of global language may result in the misuse of the procedures, while adjustments may be essential due to irregularity effects. Therefore, irregularity indices given by different codes and research studies are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of nonlinear static procedures implemented within the framework of the performance-based approach and improvements proposed for its application in masonry buildings is presented.

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Collapse shake-table testing of a clay-URM building with chimneys

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of vertical ground motions on the dynamic response of URM structures: Comparative shake‐table tests

Effects of vertical ground motions on the dynamic response of URM structures: Comparative shake‐table tests

Shake-table response simulation of a URM building specimen using discrete micro-models with varying degrees of detail

Overview on the Nonlinear Static Procedures and Performance-Based Approach on Modern Unreinforced Masonry Buildings with Structural Irregularity

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